424 lines
18 KiB
C
424 lines
18 KiB
C
/*
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****************************************************************************
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*
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* "DHRYSTONE" Benchmark Program
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* -----------------------------
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*
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* Version: C, Version 2.1
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*
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* File: dhry.h (part 1 of 3)
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*
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* Date: May 25, 1988
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*
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* Author: Reinhold P. Weicker
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* Siemens AG, AUT E 51
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* Postfach 3220
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* 8520 Erlangen
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* Germany (West)
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* Phone: [+49]-9131-7-20330
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* (8-17 Central European Time)
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* Usenet: ..!mcsun!unido!estevax!weicker
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*
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* Original Version (in Ada) published in
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* "Communications of the ACM" vol. 27., no. 10 (Oct. 1984),
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* pp. 1013 - 1030, together with the statistics
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* on which the distribution of statements etc. is based.
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*
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* In this C version, the following C library functions are used:
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* - strcpy, strcmp (inside the measurement loop)
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* - printf, scanf (outside the measurement loop)
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* In addition, Berkeley UNIX system calls "times ()" or "time ()"
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* are used for execution time measurement. For measurements
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* on other systems, these calls have to be changed.
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*
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* Collection of Results:
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* Reinhold Weicker (address see above) and
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*
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* Rick Richardson
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* PC Research. Inc.
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* 94 Apple Orchard Drive
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* Tinton Falls, NJ 07724
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* Phone: (201) 389-8963 (9-17 EST)
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* Usenet: ...!uunet!pcrat!rick
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*
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* Please send results to Rick Richardson and/or Reinhold Weicker.
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* Complete information should be given on hardware and software used.
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* Hardware information includes: Machine type, CPU, type and size
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* of caches; for microprocessors: clock frequency, memory speed
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* (number of wait states).
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* Software information includes: Compiler (and runtime library)
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* manufacturer and version, compilation switches, OS version.
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* The Operating System version may give an indication about the
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* compiler; Dhrystone itself performs no OS calls in the measurement loop.
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*
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* The complete output generated by the program should be mailed
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* such that at least some checks for correctness can be made.
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*
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***************************************************************************
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*
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* History: This version C/2.1 has been made for two reasons:
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*
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* 1) There is an obvious need for a common C version of
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* Dhrystone, since C is at present the most popular system
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* programming language for the class of processors
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* (microcomputers, minicomputers) where Dhrystone is used most.
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* There should be, as far as possible, only one C version of
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* Dhrystone such that results can be compared without
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* restrictions. In the past, the C versions distributed
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* by Rick Richardson (Version 1.1) and by Reinhold Weicker
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* had small (though not significant) differences.
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*
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* 2) As far as it is possible without changes to the Dhrystone
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* statistics, optimizing compilers should be prevented from
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* removing significant statements.
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*
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* This C version has been developed in cooperation with
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* Rick Richardson (Tinton Falls, NJ), it incorporates many
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* ideas from the "Version 1.1" distributed previously by
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* him over the UNIX network Usenet.
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* I also thank Chaim Benedelac (National Semiconductor),
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* David Ditzel (SUN), Earl Killian and John Mashey (MIPS),
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* Alan Smith and Rafael Saavedra-Barrera (UC at Berkeley)
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* for their help with comments on earlier versions of the
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* benchmark.
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*
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* Changes: In the initialization part, this version follows mostly
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* Rick Richardson's version distributed via Usenet, not the
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* version distributed earlier via floppy disk by Reinhold Weicker.
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* As a concession to older compilers, names have been made
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* unique within the first 8 characters.
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* Inside the measurement loop, this version follows the
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* version previously distributed by Reinhold Weicker.
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*
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* At several places in the benchmark, code has been added,
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* but within the measurement loop only in branches that
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* are not executed. The intention is that optimizing compilers
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* should be prevented from moving code out of the measurement
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* loop, or from removing code altogether. Since the statements
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* that are executed within the measurement loop have NOT been
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* changed, the numbers defining the "Dhrystone distribution"
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* (distribution of statements, operand types and locality)
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* still hold. Except for sophisticated optimizing compilers,
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* execution times for this version should be the same as
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* for previous versions.
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*
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* Since it has proven difficult to subtract the time for the
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* measurement loop overhead in a correct way, the loop check
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* has been made a part of the benchmark. This does have
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* an impact - though a very minor one - on the distribution
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* statistics which have been updated for this version.
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*
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* All changes within the measurement loop are described
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* and discussed in the companion paper "Rationale for
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* Dhrystone version 2".
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*
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* Because of the self-imposed limitation that the order and
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* distribution of the executed statements should not be
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* changed, there are still cases where optimizing compilers
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* may not generate code for some statements. To a certain
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* degree, this is unavoidable for small synthetic benchmarks.
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* Users of the benchmark are advised to check code listings
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* whether code is generated for all statements of Dhrystone.
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*
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* Version 2.1 is identical to version 2.0 distributed via
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* the UNIX network Usenet in March 1988 except that it corrects
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* some minor deficiencies that were found by users of version 2.0.
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* The only change within the measurement loop is that a
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* non-executed "else" part was added to the "if" statement in
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* Func_3, and a non-executed "else" part removed from Proc_3.
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*
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***************************************************************************
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*
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* Defines: The following "Defines" are possible:
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* -DREG=register (default: Not defined)
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* As an approximation to what an average C programmer
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* might do, the "register" storage class is applied
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* (if enabled by -DREG=register)
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* - for local variables, if they are used (dynamically)
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* five or more times
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* - for parameters if they are used (dynamically)
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* six or more times
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* Note that an optimal "register" strategy is
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* compiler-dependent, and that "register" declarations
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* do not necessarily lead to faster execution.
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* -DNOSTRUCTASSIGN (default: Not defined)
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* Define if the C compiler does not support
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* assignment of structures.
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* -DNOENUMS (default: Not defined)
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* Define if the C compiler does not support
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* enumeration types.
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* -DTIMES (default)
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* -DTIME
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* The "times" function of UNIX (returning process times)
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* or the "time" function (returning wallclock time)
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* is used for measurement.
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* For single user machines, "time ()" is adequate. For
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* multi-user machines where you cannot get single-user
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* access, use the "times ()" function. If you have
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* neither, use a stopwatch in the dead of night.
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* "printf"s are provided marking the points "Start Timer"
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* and "Stop Timer". DO NOT use the UNIX "time(1)"
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* command, as this will measure the total time to
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* run this program, which will (erroneously) include
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* the time to allocate storage (malloc) and to perform
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* the initialization.
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* -DHZ=nnn
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* In Berkeley UNIX, the function "times" returns process
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* time in 1/HZ seconds, with HZ = 60 for most systems.
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* CHECK YOUR SYSTEM DESCRIPTION BEFORE YOU JUST APPLY
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* A VALUE.
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*
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***************************************************************************
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*
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* Compilation model and measurement (IMPORTANT):
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*
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* This C version of Dhrystone consists of three files:
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* - dhry.h (this file, containing global definitions and comments)
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* - dhry_1.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_1)
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* - dhry_2.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_2)
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*
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* The following "ground rules" apply for measurements:
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* - Separate compilation
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* - No procedure merging
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* - Otherwise, compiler optimizations are allowed but should be indicated
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* - Default results are those without register declarations
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* See the companion paper "Rationale for Dhrystone Version 2" for a more
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* detailed discussion of these ground rules.
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*
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* For 16-Bit processors (e.g. 80186, 80286), times for all compilation
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* models ("small", "medium", "large" etc.) should be given if possible,
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* together with a definition of these models for the compiler system used.
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*
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**************************************************************************
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*
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* Dhrystone (C version) statistics:
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*
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* [Comment from the first distribution, updated for version 2.
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* Note that because of language differences, the numbers are slightly
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* different from the Ada version.]
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*
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* The following program contains statements of a high level programming
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* language (here: C) in a distribution considered representative:
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*
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* assignments 52 (51.0 %)
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* control statements 33 (32.4 %)
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* procedure, function calls 17 (16.7 %)
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*
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* 103 statements are dynamically executed. The program is balanced with
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* respect to the three aspects:
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*
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* - statement type
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* - operand type
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* - operand locality
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* operand global, local, parameter, or constant.
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*
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* The combination of these three aspects is balanced only approximately.
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*
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* 1. Statement Type:
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* ----------------- number
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*
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* V1 = V2 9
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* (incl. V1 = F(..)
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* V = Constant 12
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* Assignment, 7
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* with array element
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* Assignment, 6
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* with record component
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* --
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* 34 34
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*
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* X = Y +|-|"&&"|"|" Z 5
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* X = Y +|-|"==" Constant 6
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* X = X +|- 1 3
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* X = Y *|/ Z 2
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* X = Expression, 1
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* two operators
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* X = Expression, 1
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* three operators
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* --
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* 18 18
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*
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* if .... 14
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* with "else" 7
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* without "else" 7
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* executed 3
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* not executed 4
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* for ... 7 | counted every time
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* while ... 4 | the loop condition
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* do ... while 1 | is evaluated
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* switch ... 1
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* break 1
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* declaration with 1
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* initialization
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* --
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* 34 34
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*
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* P (...) procedure call 11
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* user procedure 10
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* library procedure 1
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* X = F (...)
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* function call 6
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* user function 5
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* library function 1
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* --
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* 17 17
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* ---
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* 103
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*
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* The average number of parameters in procedure or function calls
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* is 1.82 (not counting the function values as implicit parameters).
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*
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*
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* 2. Operators
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* ------------
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* number approximate
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* percentage
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*
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* Arithmetic 32 50.8
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*
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* + 21 33.3
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* - 7 11.1
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* * 3 4.8
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* / (int div) 1 1.6
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*
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* Comparison 27 42.8
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*
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* == 9 14.3
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* /= 4 6.3
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* > 1 1.6
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* < 3 4.8
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* >= 1 1.6
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* <= 9 14.3
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*
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* Logic 4 6.3
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*
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* && (AND-THEN) 1 1.6
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* | (OR) 1 1.6
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* ! (NOT) 2 3.2
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*
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* -- -----
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* 63 100.1
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*
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*
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* 3. Operand Type (counted once per operand reference):
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* ---------------
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* number approximate
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* percentage
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*
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* Integer 175 72.3 %
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* Character 45 18.6 %
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* Pointer 12 5.0 %
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* String30 6 2.5 %
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* Array 2 0.8 %
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* Record 2 0.8 %
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* --- -------
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* 242 100.0 %
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*
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* When there is an access path leading to the final operand (e.g. a record
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* component), only the final data type on the access path is counted.
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*
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*
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* 4. Operand Locality:
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* -------------------
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* number approximate
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* percentage
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*
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* local variable 114 47.1 %
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* global variable 22 9.1 %
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* parameter 45 18.6 %
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* value 23 9.5 %
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* reference 22 9.1 %
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* function result 6 2.5 %
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* constant 55 22.7 %
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* --- -------
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* 242 100.0 %
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*
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*
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* The program does not compute anything meaningful, but it is syntactically
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* and semantically correct. All variables have a value assigned to them
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* before they are used as a source operand.
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*
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* There has been no explicit effort to account for the effects of a
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* cache, or to balance the use of long or short displacements for code or
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* data.
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*
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***************************************************************************
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*/
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/* Compiler and system dependent definitions: */
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#ifndef TIME
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#define TIMES
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#endif
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/* Use times(2) time function unless */
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/* explicitly defined otherwise */
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#ifdef TIMES
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#include <sys/types.h>
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#include <sys/times.h>
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/* for "times" */
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#endif
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#define Mic_secs_Per_Second 1000000
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/* Berkeley UNIX C returns process times in seconds/HZ */
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#ifdef NOSTRUCTASSIGN
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#define structassign(d, s) memcpy(&(d), &(s), sizeof(d))
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#else
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#define structassign(d, s) d = s
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#endif
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#ifdef NOENUM
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#define Ident_1 0
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#define Ident_2 1
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#define Ident_3 2
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#define Ident_4 3
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#define Ident_5 4
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typedef int Enumeration;
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#else
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typedef enum {Ident_1, Ident_2, Ident_3, Ident_4, Ident_5}
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Enumeration;
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#endif
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/* for boolean and enumeration types in Ada, Pascal */
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/* General definitions: */
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#include <stdio.h>
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/* for strcpy, strcmp */
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#define Null 0
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/* Value of a Null pointer */
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#define true 1
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#define false 0
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typedef int One_Thirty;
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typedef int One_Fifty;
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typedef char Capital_Letter;
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typedef int Boolean;
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typedef char Str_30 [31];
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typedef int Arr_1_Dim [50];
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typedef int Arr_2_Dim [50] [50];
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typedef struct record
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{
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struct record *Ptr_Comp;
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Enumeration Discr;
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union {
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struct {
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Enumeration Enum_Comp;
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int Int_Comp;
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char Str_Comp [31];
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} var_1;
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struct {
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Enumeration E_Comp_2;
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char Str_2_Comp [31];
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} var_2;
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struct {
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char Ch_1_Comp;
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char Ch_2_Comp;
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} var_3;
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} variant;
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} Rec_Type, *Rec_Pointer;
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