////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Copyright (C) 2017, MINRES Technologies GmbH
// All rights reserved.
// 
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
// 
// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
//    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// 
// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
//    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
//    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
// 
// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors
//    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
//    without specific prior written permission.
// 
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
// AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
// ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
// CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
// SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
// CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
// ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
// POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// 
// Contributors:
//       eyck@minres.com - initial API and implementation
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include <iss/iss.h>
#include <iss/debugger/gdb_session.h>
#include <easylogging++.h>
#include <memory>
#include <cstring>

#include "iss/vm_base.h"
#include "iss/arch/minrv_ima.h"
#include "iss/arch/riscv_core.h"
#include "iss/debugger/server.h"

#include <boost/format.hpp>

namespace iss {
namespace minrv_ima {
using namespace iss::arch;
using namespace llvm;
using namespace iss::debugger;

template<typename ARCH>
struct vm_impl;

template<typename ARCH>
struct target_adapter: public target_adapter_base {

    target_adapter(server_if* srv, vm_impl<ARCH>* vm)
    : target_adapter_base(srv)
    , vm(vm)
    {
    }

    /*============== Thread Control ===============================*/

    /* Set generic thread */
    status set_gen_thread(rp_thread_ref& thread) override;

    /* Set control thread */
    status set_ctrl_thread(rp_thread_ref& thread) override;

    /* Get thread status */
    status is_thread_alive(rp_thread_ref& thread, bool& alive) override;

    /*============= Register Access ================================*/

    /* Read all registers. buf is 4-byte aligned and it is in
     target byte order. If  register is not available
     corresponding bytes in avail_buf are 0, otherwise
     avail buf is 1 */
    status read_registers(std::vector<uint8_t>& data, std::vector<uint8_t>& avail) override;

    /* Write all registers. buf is 4-byte aligned and it is in target
     byte order */
    status write_registers(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) override;

    /* Read one register. buf is 4-byte aligned and it is in
     target byte order. If  register is not available
     corresponding bytes in avail_buf are 0, otherwise
     avail buf is 1 */
    status read_single_register(unsigned int reg_no, std::vector<uint8_t>& buf, std::vector<uint8_t>& avail_buf) override;

    /* Write one register. buf is 4-byte aligned and it is in target byte
     order */
    status write_single_register(unsigned int reg_no, const std::vector<uint8_t>& buf) override;

    /*=================== Memory Access =====================*/

    /* Read memory, buf is 4-bytes aligned and it is in target
     byte order */
    status read_mem(uint64_t addr, std::vector<uint8_t>& buf) override;

    /* Write memory, buf is 4-bytes aligned and it is in target
     byte order */
    status write_mem(uint64_t addr, const std::vector<uint8_t>& buf) override;

    status process_query(unsigned int& mask, const rp_thread_ref& arg, rp_thread_info& info) override;

    status thread_list_query(int first, const rp_thread_ref& arg, std::vector<rp_thread_ref>& result, size_t max_num, size_t& num, bool& done) override;

    status current_thread_query(rp_thread_ref& thread) override;

    status offsets_query(uint64_t& text, uint64_t& data, uint64_t& bss) override;

    status crc_query(uint64_t addr, size_t len, uint32_t& val) override;

    status raw_query(std::string in_buf, std::string& out_buf) override;

    status threadinfo_query(int first, std::string& out_buf) override;

    status threadextrainfo_query(const rp_thread_ref& thread, std::string& out_buf) override;

    status packetsize_query(std::string& out_buf) override;

    status add_break(int type, uint64_t addr, unsigned int length) override;

    status remove_break(int type, uint64_t addr, unsigned int length) override;

    status resume_from_addr(bool step, int sig, uint64_t addr) override;

protected:
    static inline constexpr addr_t map_addr(const addr_t& i){
        return i;
    }

    vm_impl<ARCH>* vm;
    rp_thread_ref thread_idx;
};

template<typename ARCH>
struct vm_impl: public vm::vm_base<ARCH> {
    using super       = typename vm::vm_base<ARCH>;
    using virt_addr_t = typename super::virt_addr_t;
    using phys_addr_t = typename super::phys_addr_t;
    using code_word_t = typename super::code_word_t;
    using addr_t      = typename super::addr_t ;

    vm_impl();

    vm_impl(ARCH& core, bool dump=false);

    void enableDebug(bool enable) {
        super::sync_exec=super::ALL_SYNC;
    }

    target_adapter_if* accquire_target_adapter(server_if* srv){
        debugger_if::dbg_enabled=true;
        if(vm::vm_base<ARCH>::tgt_adapter==nullptr)
            vm::vm_base<ARCH>::tgt_adapter=new target_adapter<ARCH>(srv, this);
        return vm::vm_base<ARCH>::tgt_adapter;
    }


protected:

    template<typename T> inline
    llvm::ConstantInt* size(T type){
        return llvm::ConstantInt::get(getContext(), llvm::APInt(32, type->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits()));
    }

    inline llvm::Value * gen_choose(llvm::Value * cond, llvm::Value * trueVal, llvm::Value * falseVal, unsigned size) const {
        return this->gen_cond_assign(cond, this->gen_ext(trueVal, size), this->gen_ext(falseVal, size));
    }

    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> gen_single_inst_behavior(virt_addr_t&, unsigned int&, llvm::BasicBlock*) override;

    void gen_leave_behavior(llvm::BasicBlock* leave_blk) override;

    void gen_raise_trap(uint16_t trap_id, uint16_t cause);

    void gen_leave_trap(unsigned lvl);

    void gen_wait(unsigned type);

    void gen_trap_behavior(llvm::BasicBlock*) override;

    void gen_trap_check(llvm::BasicBlock* bb);

    inline
    void gen_set_pc(virt_addr_t pc, unsigned reg_num){
        llvm::Value* next_pc_v = this->builder->CreateSExtOrTrunc(this->gen_const(traits<ARCH>::XLEN, pc.val), this->get_type(traits<ARCH>::XLEN));
        this->builder->CreateStore(next_pc_v, get_reg_ptr(reg_num), true);
    }

    inline
    llvm::Value* get_reg_ptr(unsigned i){
        void* ptr = this->core.get_regs_base_ptr()+traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offset(i);
        llvm::PointerType* ptrType=nullptr;
        switch (traits<ARCH>::reg_bit_width(i)>>3) {
        case 8:
            ptrType=llvm::Type::getInt64PtrTy(this->mod->getContext());
            break;
        case 4:
            ptrType=llvm::Type::getInt32PtrTy(this->mod->getContext());
            break;
        case 2:
            ptrType=llvm::Type::getInt16PtrTy(this->mod->getContext());
            break;
        case 1:
            ptrType=llvm::Type::getInt8PtrTy(this->mod->getContext());
            break;
        default:
            throw std::runtime_error("unsupported access with");
            break;
        }
        return llvm::ConstantExpr::getIntToPtr(
                llvm::ConstantInt::get(this->mod->getContext(), llvm::APInt(
                        8/*bits*/ * sizeof(uint8_t*),
                        reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(ptr)
                )),
                ptrType);
    }

    inline
    void gen_set_pc(virt_addr_t pc){
        llvm::Value* pc_l = this->builder->CreateSExt(this->gen_const(traits<ARCH>::caddr_bit_width, (unsigned)pc), this->get_type(traits<ARCH>::caddr_bit_width));
        super::gen_set_reg(traits<ARCH>::PC, pc_l);
    }

    // some compile time constants
    enum {MASK16 = 0b1111110001100011, MASK32 = 0b11111111111100000111000001111111};
    enum {EXTR_MASK16 = MASK16>>2, EXTR_MASK32 = MASK32>>2};
    enum {LUT_SIZE =  1<< bit_count(EXTR_MASK32), LUT_SIZE_C = 1<<bit_count(EXTR_MASK16)};

    using this_class = vm_impl<ARCH>;
    using compile_func = std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> (this_class::*)(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb);
    compile_func lut[LUT_SIZE];

    std::array<compile_func, LUT_SIZE_C> lut_00, lut_01, lut_10;
    std::array<compile_func, LUT_SIZE> lut_11;

    compile_func* qlut[4];// = {lut_00, lut_01, lut_10, lut_11};

    const uint32_t lutmasks[4]={EXTR_MASK16, EXTR_MASK16, EXTR_MASK16, EXTR_MASK32};

    void expand_bit_mask(int pos, uint32_t mask, uint32_t value, uint32_t valid, uint32_t idx, compile_func lut[], compile_func f){
        if(pos<0){
            lut[idx]=f;
        } else {
            auto bitmask = 1UL<<pos;
            if((mask & bitmask)==0){
                expand_bit_mask(pos-1, mask, value, valid, idx, lut, f);
            } else {
                if((valid & bitmask) == 0) {
                    expand_bit_mask(pos-1, mask, value, valid, (idx<<1), lut, f);
                    expand_bit_mask(pos-1, mask, value, valid, (idx<<1)+1, lut, f);
                } else {
                    auto new_val = idx<<1;
                    if((value&bitmask)!=0)
                        new_val++;
                    expand_bit_mask(pos-1, mask, value, valid, new_val, lut, f);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    inline uint32_t extract_fields(uint32_t val){
        return extract_fields(29, val>>2, lutmasks[val&0x3], 0);
    }

    uint32_t extract_fields(int pos, uint32_t val, uint32_t mask, uint32_t lut_val){
        if(pos>=0) {
            auto bitmask = 1UL<<pos;
            if((mask & bitmask)==0){
                lut_val = extract_fields(pos-1, val, mask, lut_val);
            } else {
                auto new_val = lut_val<<1;
                if((val&bitmask)!=0)
                    new_val++;
                lut_val = extract_fields(pos-1, val, mask, new_val);
            }
        }
        return lut_val;
    }

private:
    /****************************************************************************
     * start opcode definitions
     ****************************************************************************/
    struct InstructionDesriptor {
        size_t   length;
        uint32_t value;
        uint32_t mask;
        compile_func op;
    };

    /* start generated code */
    const InstructionDesriptor instr_descr[99] = {
        /* entries are: valid value, valid mask, function ptr */
        /* instruction LUI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000000110111, 0b00000000000000000000000001111111, &this_class::__lui},
        /* instruction AUIPC */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000000010111, 0b00000000000000000000000001111111, &this_class::__auipc},
        /* instruction JAL */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000001101111, 0b00000000000000000000000001111111, &this_class::__jal},
        /* instruction JALR */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000001100111, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__jalr},
        /* instruction BEQ */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000001100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__beq},
        /* instruction BNE */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000001000001100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__bne},
        /* instruction BLT */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000100000001100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__blt},
        /* instruction BGE */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000101000001100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__bge},
        /* instruction BLTU */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000110000001100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__bltu},
        /* instruction BGEU */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000111000001100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__bgeu},
        /* instruction LB */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000000000011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__lb},
        /* instruction LH */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000001000000000011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__lh},
        /* instruction LW */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000010000000000011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__lw},
        /* instruction LBU */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000100000000000011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__lbu},
        /* instruction LHU */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000101000000000011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__lhu},
        /* instruction SB */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000000100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__sb},
        /* instruction SH */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000001000000100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__sh},
        /* instruction SW */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000010000000100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__sw},
        /* instruction ADDI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000000010011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__addi},
        /* instruction SLTI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000010000000010011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__slti},
        /* instruction SLTIU */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000011000000010011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__sltiu},
        /* instruction XORI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000100000000010011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__xori},
        /* instruction ORI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000110000000010011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__ori},
        /* instruction ANDI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000111000000010011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__andi},
        /* instruction SLLI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000001000000010011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__slli},
        /* instruction SRLI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000101000000010011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__srli},
        /* instruction SRAI */
        {32, 0b01000000000000000101000000010011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__srai},
        /* instruction ADD */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__add},
        /* instruction SUB */
        {32, 0b01000000000000000000000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__sub},
        /* instruction SLL */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000001000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__sll},
        /* instruction SLT */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000010000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__slt},
        /* instruction SLTU */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000011000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__sltu},
        /* instruction XOR */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000100000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__xor},
        /* instruction SRL */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000101000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__srl},
        /* instruction SRA */
        {32, 0b01000000000000000101000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__sra},
        /* instruction OR */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000110000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__or},
        /* instruction AND */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000111000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__and},
        /* instruction FENCE */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000000001111, 0b11110000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__fence},
        /* instruction FENCE_I */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000001000000001111, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__fence_i},
        /* instruction ECALL */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000001110011, 0b11111111111111111111111111111111, &this_class::__ecall},
        /* instruction EBREAK */
        {32, 0b00000000000100000000000001110011, 0b11111111111111111111111111111111, &this_class::__ebreak},
        /* instruction URET */
        {32, 0b00000000001000000000000001110011, 0b11111111111111111111111111111111, &this_class::__uret},
        /* instruction SRET */
        {32, 0b00010000001000000000000001110011, 0b11111111111111111111111111111111, &this_class::__sret},
        /* instruction MRET */
        {32, 0b00110000001000000000000001110011, 0b11111111111111111111111111111111, &this_class::__mret},
        /* instruction WFI */
        {32, 0b00010000010100000000000001110011, 0b11111111111111111111111111111111, &this_class::__wfi},
        /* instruction SFENCE.VMA */
        {32, 0b00010010000000000000000001110011, 0b11111110000000000111111111111111, &this_class::__sfence_vma},
        /* instruction CSRRW */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000001000001110011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__csrrw},
        /* instruction CSRRS */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000010000001110011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__csrrs},
        /* instruction CSRRC */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000011000001110011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__csrrc},
        /* instruction CSRRWI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000101000001110011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__csrrwi},
        /* instruction CSRRSI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000110000001110011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__csrrsi},
        /* instruction CSRRCI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000111000001110011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__csrrci},
        /* instruction MUL */
        {32, 0b00000010000000000000000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__mul},
        /* instruction MULH */
        {32, 0b00000010000000000001000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__mulh},
        /* instruction MULHSU */
        {32, 0b00000010000000000010000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__mulhsu},
        /* instruction MULHU */
        {32, 0b00000010000000000011000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__mulhu},
        /* instruction DIV */
        {32, 0b00000010000000000100000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__div},
        /* instruction DIVU */
        {32, 0b00000010000000000101000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__divu},
        /* instruction REM */
        {32, 0b00000010000000000110000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__rem},
        /* instruction REMU */
        {32, 0b00000010000000000111000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__remu},
        /* instruction LR.W */
        {32, 0b00010000000000000010000000101111, 0b11111001111100000111000001111111, &this_class::__lr_w},
        /* instruction SC.W */
        {32, 0b00011000000000000010000000101111, 0b11111000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__sc_w},
        /* instruction AMOSWAP.W */
        {32, 0b00001000000000000010000000101111, 0b11111000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__amoswap_w},
        /* instruction AMOADD.W */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000010000000101111, 0b11111000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__amoadd_w},
        /* instruction AMOXOR.W */
        {32, 0b00100000000000000010000000101111, 0b11111000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__amoxor_w},
        /* instruction AMOAND.W */
        {32, 0b01100000000000000010000000101111, 0b11111000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__amoand_w},
        /* instruction AMOOR.W */
        {32, 0b01000000000000000010000000101111, 0b11111000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__amoor_w},
        /* instruction AMOMIN.W */
        {32, 0b10000000000000000010000000101111, 0b11111000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__amomin_w},
        /* instruction AMOMAX.W */
        {32, 0b10100000000000000010000000101111, 0b11111000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__amomax_w},
        /* instruction AMOMINU.W */
        {32, 0b11000000000000000010000000101111, 0b11111000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__amominu_w},
        /* instruction AMOMAXU.W */
        {32, 0b11100000000000000010000000101111, 0b11111000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__amomaxu_w},
        /* instruction C.ADDI4SPN */
        {16, 0b0000000000000000, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__c_addi4spn},
        /* instruction C.LW */
        {16, 0b0100000000000000, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__c_lw},
        /* instruction C.SW */
        {16, 0b1100000000000000, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__c_sw},
        /* instruction C.NOP */
        {16, 0b0000000000000001, 0b1111111111111111, &this_class::__c_nop},
        /* instruction C.ADDI */
        {16, 0b0000000000000001, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__c_addi},
        /* instruction C.JAL */
        {16, 0b0010000000000001, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__c_jal},
        /* instruction C.LI */
        {16, 0b0100000000000001, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__c_li},
        /* instruction C.LUI */
        {16, 0b0110000000000001, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__c_lui},
        /* instruction C.ADDI16SP */
        {16, 0b0110000100000001, 0b1110111110000011, &this_class::__c_addi16sp},
        /* instruction C.SRLI */
        {16, 0b1000000000000001, 0b1110110000000011, &this_class::__c_srli},
        /* instruction C.SRAI */
        {16, 0b1000010000000001, 0b1110110000000011, &this_class::__c_srai},
        /* instruction C.ANDI */
        {16, 0b1000100000000001, 0b1110110000000011, &this_class::__c_andi},
        /* instruction C.SUB */
        {16, 0b1000110000000001, 0b1111110001100011, &this_class::__c_sub},
        /* instruction C.XOR */
        {16, 0b1000110000100001, 0b1111110001100011, &this_class::__c_xor},
        /* instruction C.OR */
        {16, 0b1000110001000001, 0b1111110001100011, &this_class::__c_or},
        /* instruction C.AND */
        {16, 0b1000110001100001, 0b1111110001100011, &this_class::__c_and},
        /* instruction C.J */
        {16, 0b1010000000000001, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__c_j},
        /* instruction C.BEQZ */
        {16, 0b1100000000000001, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__c_beqz},
        /* instruction C.BNEZ */
        {16, 0b1110000000000001, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__c_bnez},
        /* instruction C.SLLI */
        {16, 0b0000000000000010, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__c_slli},
        /* instruction C.LQSP */
        {16, 0b0010000000000010, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__c_lqsp},
        /* instruction C.LWSP */
        {16, 0b0100000000000010, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__c_lwsp},
        /* instruction C.MV */
        {16, 0b1000000000000010, 0b1111000000000011, &this_class::__c_mv},
        /* instruction C.JR */
        {16, 0b1000000000000010, 0b1111000001111111, &this_class::__c_jr},
        /* instruction C.EBREAK */
        {16, 0b1001000000000010, 0b1111111111111111, &this_class::__c_ebreak},
        /* instruction C.ADD */
        {16, 0b1001000000000010, 0b1111000000000011, &this_class::__c_add},
        /* instruction C.JALR */
        {16, 0b1001000000000010, 0b1111000001111111, &this_class::__c_jalr},
        /* instruction C.SWSP */
        {16, 0b1100000000000010, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__c_swsp},
    };
    // instruction LUI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __lui(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("LUI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        int32_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (signed_bit_sub<12,20>(instr) << 12);
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("LUI x%1$d, 0x%2$05x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction AUIPC
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __auipc(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("AUIPC");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        int32_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (signed_bit_sub<12,20>(instr) << 12);
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("AUIPC x%1%, 0x%2$08x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction JAL
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __jal(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("JAL");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        int32_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<12,8>(instr) << 12) | (bit_sub<20,1>(instr) << 11) | (bit_sub<21,10>(instr) << 1) | (signed_bit_sub<31,1>(instr) << 20);
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("JAL x%1$d, 0x%2$x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, 4));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        Value* PC_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
        this->builder->CreateStore(PC_val, get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction JALR
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __jalr(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("JALR");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (signed_bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("JALR x%1$d, x%2$d, 0x%3$x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, 4));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        Value* ret_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
        Value* PC_val = this->builder->CreateAnd(
            ret_val,
            this->builder->CreateNot(this->gen_const(32U, 1)));
        this->builder->CreateStore(PC_val, get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction BEQ
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __beq(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("BEQ");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,1>(instr) << 11) | (bit_sub<8,4>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<25,6>(instr) << 5) | (signed_bit_sub<31,1>(instr) << 12);
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("BEQ x%1$d, x%2$d, 0x%3$x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* PC_val = this->gen_choose(
            this->builder->CreateICmp(
                ICmpInst::ICMP_EQ,
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false)),
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val)),
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, 4)),
            32);
        this->builder->CreateStore(PC_val, get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction BNE
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __bne(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("BNE");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,1>(instr) << 11) | (bit_sub<8,4>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<25,6>(instr) << 5) | (signed_bit_sub<31,1>(instr) << 12);
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("BNE x%1$d, x%2$d, 0x%3$x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* PC_val = this->gen_choose(
            this->builder->CreateICmp(
                ICmpInst::ICMP_NE,
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false)),
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val)),
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, 4)),
            32);
        this->builder->CreateStore(PC_val, get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction BLT
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __blt(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("BLT");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,1>(instr) << 11) | (bit_sub<8,4>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<25,6>(instr) << 5) | (signed_bit_sub<31,1>(instr) << 12);
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("BLT x%1$d, x%2$d, 0x%3$x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* PC_val = this->gen_choose(
            this->builder->CreateICmp(
                ICmpInst::ICMP_SLT,
                this->gen_ext(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                    32, true),
                this->gen_ext(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                    32, true)),
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val)),
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, 4)),
            32);
        this->builder->CreateStore(PC_val, get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction BGE
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __bge(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("BGE");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,1>(instr) << 11) | (bit_sub<8,4>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<25,6>(instr) << 5) | (signed_bit_sub<31,1>(instr) << 12);
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("BGE x%1$d, x%2$d, 0x%3$x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* PC_val = this->gen_choose(
            this->builder->CreateICmp(
                ICmpInst::ICMP_SGE,
                this->gen_ext(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                    32, true),
                this->gen_ext(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                    32, true)),
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val)),
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, 4)),
            32);
        this->builder->CreateStore(PC_val, get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction BLTU
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __bltu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("BLTU");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,1>(instr) << 11) | (bit_sub<8,4>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<25,6>(instr) << 5) | (signed_bit_sub<31,1>(instr) << 12);
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("BLTU x%1$d, x%2$d, 0x%3$x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* PC_val = this->gen_choose(
            this->builder->CreateICmp(
                ICmpInst::ICMP_ULT,
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false)),
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val)),
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, 4)),
            32);
        this->builder->CreateStore(PC_val, get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction BGEU
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __bgeu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("BGEU");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,1>(instr) << 11) | (bit_sub<8,4>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<25,6>(instr) << 5) | (signed_bit_sub<31,1>(instr) << 12);
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("BGEU x%1$d, x%2$d, 0x%3$x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* PC_val = this->gen_choose(
            this->builder->CreateICmp(
                ICmpInst::ICMP_UGE,
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false)),
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val)),
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, 4)),
            32);
        this->builder->CreateStore(PC_val, get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction LB
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __lb(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("LB");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (signed_bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("LB x%1$d, %2%(x%3$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_ext(
                this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::MEM, offs_val, 8/8),
                32,
                true);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction LH
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __lh(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("LH");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (signed_bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("LH x%1$d, %2%(x%3$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_ext(
                this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::MEM, offs_val, 16/8),
                32,
                true);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction LW
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __lw(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("LW");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (signed_bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("LW x%1$d, %2%(x%3$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_ext(
                this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::MEM, offs_val, 32/8),
                32,
                true);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction LBU
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __lbu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("LBU");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (signed_bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("LBU x%1$d, %2%(x%3$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_ext(
                this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::MEM, offs_val, 8/8),
                32,
                false);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction LHU
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __lhu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("LHU");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (signed_bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("LHU x%1$d, %2%(x%3$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_ext(
                this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::MEM, offs_val, 16/8),
                32,
                false);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction SB
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __sb(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("SB");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr)) | (signed_bit_sub<25,7>(instr) << 5);
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("SB x%1$d, %2%(x%3$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
        Value* MEM_offs_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false);
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::MEM,
            offs_val,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(MEM_offs_val,this->get_type(8)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction SH
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __sh(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("SH");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr)) | (signed_bit_sub<25,7>(instr) << 5);
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("SH x%1$d, %2%(x%3$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
        Value* MEM_offs_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false);
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::MEM,
            offs_val,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(MEM_offs_val,this->get_type(16)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction SW
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __sw(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("SW");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr)) | (signed_bit_sub<25,7>(instr) << 5);
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("SW x%1$d, %2%(x%3$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
        Value* MEM_offs_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false);
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::MEM,
            offs_val,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(MEM_offs_val,this->get_type(32)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction ADDI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __addi(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("ADDI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (signed_bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("ADDI x%1$d, x%2$d, %3%");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction SLTI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __slti(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("SLTI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (signed_bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("SLTI x%1$d, x%2$d, %3%");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_choose(
                this->builder->CreateICmp(
                    ICmpInst::ICMP_SLT,
                    this->gen_ext(
                        this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                        32, true),
                    this->gen_ext(
                        this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val),
                        32, true)),
                this->gen_const(32U, 1),
                this->gen_const(32U, 0),
                32);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction SLTIU
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __sltiu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("SLTIU");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (signed_bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("SLTIU x%1$d, x%2$d, %3%");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        int32_t full_imm_val = fld_imm_val;
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_choose(
                this->builder->CreateICmp(
                    ICmpInst::ICMP_ULT,
                    this->gen_ext(
                        this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                        32, false),
                    this->gen_ext(
                        full_imm_val,
                        32, false)),
                this->gen_const(32U, 1),
                this->gen_const(32U, 0),
                32);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction XORI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __xori(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("XORI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (signed_bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("XORI x%1$d, x%2$d, %3%");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateXor(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction ORI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __ori(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("ORI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (signed_bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("ORI x%1$d, x%2$d, %3%");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateOr(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction ANDI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __andi(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("ANDI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (signed_bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("ANDI x%1$d, x%2$d, %3%");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateAnd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction SLLI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __slli(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("SLLI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_shamt_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("SLLI x%1$d, x%2$d, %3%");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_shamt_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateShl(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, fld_shamt_val));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction SRLI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __srli(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("SRLI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_shamt_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("SRLI x%1$d, x%2$d, %3%");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_shamt_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateLShr(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, fld_shamt_val));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction SRAI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __srai(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("SRAI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_shamt_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("SRAI x%1$d, x%2$d, %3%");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_shamt_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateAShr(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, fld_shamt_val));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction ADD
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __add(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("ADD");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("ADD x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction SUB
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __sub(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("SUB");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("SUB x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateSub(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction SLL
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __sll(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("SLL");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("SLL x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateShl(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->builder->CreateAnd(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                    31));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction SLT
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __slt(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("SLT");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("SLT x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_choose(
                this->builder->CreateICmp(
                    ICmpInst::ICMP_SLT,
                    this->gen_ext(
                        this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                        32, true),
                    this->gen_ext(
                        this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                        32, true)),
                this->gen_const(32U, 1),
                this->gen_const(32U, 0),
                32);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction SLTU
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __sltu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("SLTU");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("SLTU x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_choose(
                this->builder->CreateICmp(
                    ICmpInst::ICMP_ULT,
                    this->gen_ext(
                        this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                        32,
                        false),
                    this->gen_ext(
                        this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                        32,
                        false)),
                this->gen_const(32U, 1),
                this->gen_const(32U, 0),
                32);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction XOR
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __xor(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("XOR");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("XOR x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateXor(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction SRL
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __srl(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("SRL");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("SRL x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateLShr(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->builder->CreateAnd(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                    31));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction SRA
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __sra(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("SRA");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("SRA x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateAShr(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->builder->CreateAnd(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                    31));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction OR
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __or(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("OR");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("OR x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateOr(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction AND
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __and(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("AND");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("AND x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateAnd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false));
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction FENCE
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __fence(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("FENCE");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_succ_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,4>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_pred_val = 0 | (bit_sub<24,4>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            std::string  opcode("FENCE");
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % opcode;
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* FENCE_fence_val = this->builder->CreateOr(
            this->builder->CreateShl(
                this->gen_const(32U, fld_pred_val),
                this->gen_const(32U, 4)),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_succ_val));
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::FENCE,
            (uint64_t)0,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(FENCE_fence_val,this->get_type(32)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction FENCE_I
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __fence_i(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("FENCE_I");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            std::string  opcode("FENCE_I");
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % opcode;
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* FENCE_fencei_val = this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val);
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::FENCE,
            (uint64_t)1,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(FENCE_fencei_val,this->get_type(32)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::FLUSH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction ECALL
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __ecall(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("ECALL");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        ;
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            std::string  opcode("ECALL");
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % opcode;
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        this->gen_raise_trap(0, 11);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction EBREAK
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __ebreak(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("EBREAK");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        ;
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            std::string  opcode("EBREAK");
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % opcode;
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        this->gen_raise_trap(0, 3);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction URET
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __uret(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("URET");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        ;
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            std::string  opcode("URET");
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % opcode;
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        this->gen_leave_trap(0);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction SRET
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __sret(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("SRET");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        ;
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            std::string  opcode("SRET");
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % opcode;
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        this->gen_leave_trap(1);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction MRET
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __mret(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("MRET");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        ;
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            std::string  opcode("MRET");
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % opcode;
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        this->gen_leave_trap(3);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction WFI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __wfi(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("WFI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        ;
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            std::string  opcode("WFI");
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % opcode;
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        this->gen_wait(1);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction SFENCE.VMA
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __sfence_vma(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("SFENCE.VMA");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            std::string  opcode("SFENCE.VMA");
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % opcode;
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* FENCE_fencevmal_val = this->gen_const(32U, fld_rs1_val);
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::FENCE,
            (uint64_t)2,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(FENCE_fencevmal_val,this->get_type(32)));
        Value* FENCE_fencevmau_val = this->gen_const(32U, fld_rs2_val);
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::FENCE,
            (uint64_t)3,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(FENCE_fencevmau_val,this->get_type(32)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction CSRRW
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __csrrw(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("CSRRW");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint16_t fld_csr_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("CSRRW x%1$d, %2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_csr_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* rs_val_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* csr_val_val = this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::CSR, fld_csr_val, 32/8);
            Value* CSR_csr_val = rs_val_val;
            this->gen_write_mem(
                traits<ARCH>::CSR,
                fld_csr_val,
                this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(CSR_csr_val,this->get_type(32)));
            Value* X_rd_val = csr_val_val;
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        } else {
            Value* CSR_csr_val = rs_val_val;
            this->gen_write_mem(
                traits<ARCH>::CSR,
                fld_csr_val,
                this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(CSR_csr_val,this->get_type(32)));
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction CSRRS
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __csrrs(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("CSRRS");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint16_t fld_csr_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("CSRRS x%1$d, %2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_csr_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* xrd_val = this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::CSR, fld_csr_val, 32/8);
        Value* xrs1_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = xrd_val;
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        if(fld_rs1_val != 0){
            Value* CSR_csr_val = this->builder->CreateOr(
                xrd_val,
                xrs1_val);
            this->gen_write_mem(
                traits<ARCH>::CSR,
                fld_csr_val,
                this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(CSR_csr_val,this->get_type(32)));
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction CSRRC
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __csrrc(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("CSRRC");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint16_t fld_csr_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("CSRRC x%1$d, %2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_csr_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* xrd_val = this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::CSR, fld_csr_val, 32/8);
        Value* xrs1_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = xrd_val;
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        if(fld_rs1_val != 0){
            Value* CSR_csr_val = this->builder->CreateAnd(
                xrd_val,
                this->builder->CreateNot(xrs1_val));
            this->gen_write_mem(
                traits<ARCH>::CSR,
                fld_csr_val,
                this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(CSR_csr_val,this->get_type(32)));
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction CSRRWI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __csrrwi(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("CSRRWI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_zimm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint16_t fld_csr_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("CSRRWI x%1$d, %2$d, 0x%3$x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_csr_val % (uint64_t)fld_zimm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::CSR, fld_csr_val, 32/8);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        Value* CSR_csr_val = this->gen_ext(
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_zimm_val),
            32,
            false);
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::CSR,
            fld_csr_val,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(CSR_csr_val,this->get_type(32)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction CSRRSI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __csrrsi(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("CSRRSI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_zimm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint16_t fld_csr_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("CSRRSI x%1$d, %2$d, 0x%3$x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_csr_val % (uint64_t)fld_zimm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* res_val = this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::CSR, fld_csr_val, 32/8);
        if(fld_zimm_val != 0){
            Value* CSR_csr_val = this->builder->CreateOr(
                res_val,
                this->gen_ext(
                    this->gen_const(32U, fld_zimm_val),
                    32,
                    false));
            this->gen_write_mem(
                traits<ARCH>::CSR,
                fld_csr_val,
                this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(CSR_csr_val,this->get_type(32)));
        }
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = res_val;
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction CSRRCI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __csrrci(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("CSRRCI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_zimm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint16_t fld_csr_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,12>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("CSRRCI x%1$d, %2$d, 0x%3$x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_csr_val % (uint64_t)fld_zimm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* res_val = this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::CSR, fld_csr_val, 32/8);
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = res_val;
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        if(fld_zimm_val != 0){
            Value* CSR_csr_val = this->builder->CreateAnd(
                res_val,
                this->builder->CreateNot(this->gen_ext(
                    this->gen_const(32U, fld_zimm_val),
                    32,
                    false)));
            this->gen_write_mem(
                traits<ARCH>::CSR,
                fld_csr_val,
                this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(CSR_csr_val,this->get_type(32)));
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction MUL
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __mul(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("MUL");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("MUL x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* res_val = this->builder->CreateMul(
                this->gen_ext(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                    64,
                    false),
                this->gen_ext(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                    64,
                    false));
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_ext(
                res_val,
                32,
                false);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction MULH
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __mulh(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("MULH");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("MULH x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* res_val = this->builder->CreateMul(
                this->gen_ext(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                    64,
                    true),
                this->gen_ext(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                    64,
                    true));
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_ext(
                this->builder->CreateLShr(
                    res_val,
                    32),
                32,
                false);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction MULHSU
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __mulhsu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("MULHSU");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("MULHSU x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* res_val = this->builder->CreateMul(
                this->gen_ext(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                    64,
                    true),
                this->gen_ext(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                    64,
                    false));
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_ext(
                this->builder->CreateLShr(
                    res_val,
                    32),
                32,
                false);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction MULHU
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __mulhu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("MULHU");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("MULHU x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* res_val = this->builder->CreateMul(
                this->gen_ext(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                    64,
                    false),
                this->gen_ext(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                    64,
                    false));
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_ext(
                this->builder->CreateLShr(
                    res_val,
                    32),
                32,
                false);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction DIV
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __div(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("DIV");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("DIV x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            llvm::BasicBlock* bbnext = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "endif", this->func, this->leave_blk);
            llvm::BasicBlock* bb_then = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "thenbr", this->func, bbnext);
            llvm::BasicBlock* bb_else = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "elsebr", this->func, bbnext);
            // this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb);
            this->gen_cond_branch(this->builder->CreateICmp(
                ICmpInst::ICMP_NE,
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, 0)),
                bb_then,
                bb_else);
            this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb_then);
            {
                Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateSDiv(
                    this->gen_ext(
                        this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                        32,
                        true),
                    this->gen_ext(
                        this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                        32,
                        true));
                this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
            }
            this->builder->CreateBr(bbnext);
            this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb_else);
            {
                Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateNeg(this->gen_const(32U, 1));
                this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
            }
            this->builder->CreateBr(bbnext);
            bb=bbnext;
            this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction DIVU
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __divu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("DIVU");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("DIVU x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            llvm::BasicBlock* bbnext = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "endif", this->func, this->leave_blk);
            llvm::BasicBlock* bb_then = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "thenbr", this->func, bbnext);
            llvm::BasicBlock* bb_else = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "elsebr", this->func, bbnext);
            // this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb);
            this->gen_cond_branch(this->builder->CreateICmp(
                ICmpInst::ICMP_NE,
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, 0)),
                bb_then,
                bb_else);
            this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb_then);
            {
                Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateUDiv(
                    this->gen_ext(
                        this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                        32,
                        false),
                    this->gen_ext(
                        this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                        32,
                        false));
                this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
            }
            this->builder->CreateBr(bbnext);
            this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb_else);
            {
                Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateNeg(this->gen_const(32U, 1));
                this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
            }
            this->builder->CreateBr(bbnext);
            bb=bbnext;
            this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction REM
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __rem(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("REM");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("REM x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            llvm::BasicBlock* bbnext = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "endif", this->func, this->leave_blk);
            llvm::BasicBlock* bb_then = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "thenbr", this->func, bbnext);
            llvm::BasicBlock* bb_else = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "elsebr", this->func, bbnext);
            // this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb);
            this->gen_cond_branch(this->builder->CreateICmp(
                ICmpInst::ICMP_NE,
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, 0)),
                bb_then,
                bb_else);
            this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb_then);
            {
                Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateSRem(
                    this->gen_ext(
                        this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                        32,
                        true),
                    this->gen_ext(
                        this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                        32,
                        true));
                this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
            }
            this->builder->CreateBr(bbnext);
            this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb_else);
            {
                Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
                this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
            }
            this->builder->CreateBr(bbnext);
            bb=bbnext;
            this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction REMU
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __remu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("REMU");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("REMU x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            llvm::BasicBlock* bbnext = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "endif", this->func, this->leave_blk);
            llvm::BasicBlock* bb_then = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "thenbr", this->func, bbnext);
            llvm::BasicBlock* bb_else = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "elsebr", this->func, bbnext);
            // this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb);
            this->gen_cond_branch(this->builder->CreateICmp(
                ICmpInst::ICMP_NE,
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, 0)),
                bb_then,
                bb_else);
            this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb_then);
            {
                Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateURem(
                    this->gen_ext(
                        this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
                        32,
                        false),
                    this->gen_ext(
                        this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                        32,
                        false));
                this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
            }
            this->builder->CreateBr(bbnext);
            this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb_else);
            {
                Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
                this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
            }
            this->builder->CreateBr(bbnext);
            bb=bbnext;
            this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction LR.W
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __lr_w(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("LR.W");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rl_val = 0 | (bit_sub<25,1>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_aq_val = 0 | (bit_sub<26,1>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("LR.W x%1$d, x%2$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_ext(
                this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::MEM, offs_val, 32/8),
                32,
                true);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
            Value* RES_offs_val = this->gen_ext(
                this->builder->CreateNeg(this->gen_const(8U, 1)),
                32,
                true);
            this->gen_write_mem(
                traits<ARCH>::RES,
                offs_val,
                this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(RES_offs_val,this->get_type(32)));
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction SC.W
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __sc_w(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("SC.W");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rl_val = 0 | (bit_sub<25,1>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_aq_val = 0 | (bit_sub<26,1>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("SC.W x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
        Value* res1_val = this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::RES, offs_val, 32/8);
        llvm::BasicBlock* bbnext = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "endif", this->func, this->leave_blk);
        llvm::BasicBlock* bb_then = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "thenbr", this->func, bbnext);
        // this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb);
        this->gen_cond_branch(this->builder->CreateICmp(
            ICmpInst::ICMP_NE,
            res1_val,
            this->gen_const(32U, 0)),
            bb_then,
            bbnext);
        this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb_then);
        {
            Value* MEM_offs_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false);
            this->gen_write_mem(
                traits<ARCH>::MEM,
                offs_val,
                this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(MEM_offs_val,this->get_type(32)));
        }
        this->builder->CreateBr(bbnext);
        bb=bbnext;
        this->builder->SetInsertPoint(bb);
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_choose(
                this->builder->CreateICmp(
                    ICmpInst::ICMP_NE,
                    res1_val,
                    this->gen_const(32U, 0)),
                this->gen_const(32U, 0),
                this->gen_const(32U, 1),
                32);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction AMOSWAP.W
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __amoswap_w(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("AMOSWAP.W");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rl_val = 0 | (bit_sub<25,1>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_aq_val = 0 | (bit_sub<26,1>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("AMOSWAP.W x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d (aqu=%4$d,rel=%5$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (uint64_t)fld_aq_val % (uint64_t)fld_rl_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_ext(
                this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::MEM, offs_val, 32/8),
                32,
                true);
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        Value* MEM_offs_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false);
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::MEM,
            offs_val,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(MEM_offs_val,this->get_type(32)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction AMOADD.W
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __amoadd_w(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("AMOADD.W");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rl_val = 0 | (bit_sub<25,1>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_aq_val = 0 | (bit_sub<26,1>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("AMOADD.W x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d (aqu=%4$d,rel=%5$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (uint64_t)fld_aq_val % (uint64_t)fld_rl_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
        Value* res1_val = this->gen_ext(
            this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::MEM, offs_val, 32/8),
            32,
            true);
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = res1_val;
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        Value* res2_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            res1_val,
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false));
        Value* MEM_offs_val = res2_val;
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::MEM,
            offs_val,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(MEM_offs_val,this->get_type(32)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction AMOXOR.W
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __amoxor_w(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("AMOXOR.W");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rl_val = 0 | (bit_sub<25,1>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_aq_val = 0 | (bit_sub<26,1>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("AMOXOR.W x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d (aqu=%4$d,rel=%5$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (uint64_t)fld_aq_val % (uint64_t)fld_rl_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
        Value* res1_val = this->gen_ext(
            this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::MEM, offs_val, 32/8),
            32,
            true);
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = res1_val;
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        Value* res2_val = this->builder->CreateXor(
            res1_val,
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false));
        Value* MEM_offs_val = res2_val;
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::MEM,
            offs_val,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(MEM_offs_val,this->get_type(32)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction AMOAND.W
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __amoand_w(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("AMOAND.W");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rl_val = 0 | (bit_sub<25,1>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_aq_val = 0 | (bit_sub<26,1>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("AMOAND.W x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d (aqu=%4$d,rel=%5$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (uint64_t)fld_aq_val % (uint64_t)fld_rl_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
        Value* res1_val = this->gen_ext(
            this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::MEM, offs_val, 32/8),
            32,
            true);
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = res1_val;
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        Value* res2_val = this->builder->CreateAnd(
            res1_val,
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false));
        Value* MEM_offs_val = res2_val;
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::MEM,
            offs_val,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(MEM_offs_val,this->get_type(32)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction AMOOR.W
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __amoor_w(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("AMOOR.W");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rl_val = 0 | (bit_sub<25,1>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_aq_val = 0 | (bit_sub<26,1>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("AMOOR.W x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d (aqu=%4$d,rel=%5$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (uint64_t)fld_aq_val % (uint64_t)fld_rl_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
        Value* res1_val = this->gen_ext(
            this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::MEM, offs_val, 32/8),
            32,
            true);
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = res1_val;
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        Value* res2_val = this->builder->CreateOr(
            res1_val,
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false));
        Value* MEM_offs_val = res2_val;
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::MEM,
            offs_val,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(MEM_offs_val,this->get_type(32)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction AMOMIN.W
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __amomin_w(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("AMOMIN.W");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rl_val = 0 | (bit_sub<25,1>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_aq_val = 0 | (bit_sub<26,1>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("AMOMIN.W x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d (aqu=%4$d,rel=%5$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (uint64_t)fld_aq_val % (uint64_t)fld_rl_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
        Value* res1_val = this->gen_ext(
            this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::MEM, offs_val, 32/8),
            32,
            true);
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = res1_val;
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        Value* res2_val = this->gen_choose(
            this->builder->CreateICmp(
                ICmpInst::ICMP_SGT,
                this->gen_ext(
                    res1_val,
                    32, true),
                this->gen_ext(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                    32, true)),
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
            res1_val,
            32);
        Value* MEM_offs_val = res2_val;
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::MEM,
            offs_val,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(MEM_offs_val,this->get_type(32)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction AMOMAX.W
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __amomax_w(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("AMOMAX.W");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rl_val = 0 | (bit_sub<25,1>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_aq_val = 0 | (bit_sub<26,1>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("AMOMAX.W x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d (aqu=%4$d,rel=%5$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (uint64_t)fld_aq_val % (uint64_t)fld_rl_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
        Value* res1_val = this->gen_ext(
            this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::MEM, offs_val, 32/8),
            32,
            true);
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = res1_val;
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        Value* res2_val = this->gen_choose(
            this->builder->CreateICmp(
                ICmpInst::ICMP_SLT,
                this->gen_ext(
                    res1_val,
                    32, true),
                this->gen_ext(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                    32, true)),
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
            res1_val,
            32);
        Value* MEM_offs_val = res2_val;
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::MEM,
            offs_val,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(MEM_offs_val,this->get_type(32)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction AMOMINU.W
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __amominu_w(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("AMOMINU.W");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rl_val = 0 | (bit_sub<25,1>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_aq_val = 0 | (bit_sub<26,1>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("AMOMINU.W x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d (aqu=%4$d,rel=%5$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (uint64_t)fld_aq_val % (uint64_t)fld_rl_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
        Value* res1_val = this->gen_ext(
            this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::MEM, offs_val, 32/8),
            32,
            false);
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = res1_val;
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        Value* res2_val = this->gen_choose(
            this->builder->CreateICmp(
                ICmpInst::ICMP_UGT,
                res1_val,
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false)),
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
            res1_val,
            32);
        Value* MEM_offs_val = res2_val;
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::MEM,
            offs_val,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(MEM_offs_val,this->get_type(32)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction AMOMAXU.W
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __amomaxu_w(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("AMOMAXU.W");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<15,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<20,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rl_val = 0 | (bit_sub<25,1>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_aq_val = 0 | (bit_sub<26,1>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("AMOMAXU.W x%1$d, x%2$d, x%3$d (aqu=%4$d,rel=%5$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (uint64_t)fld_aq_val % (uint64_t)fld_rl_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+4;
        
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
        Value* res1_val = this->gen_ext(
            this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::MEM, offs_val, 32/8),
            32,
            false);
        if(fld_rd_val != 0){
            Value* X_rd_val = res1_val;
            this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        }
        Value* res2_val = this->gen_choose(
            this->builder->CreateICmp(
                ICmpInst::ICMP_ULT,
                this->gen_ext(
                    res1_val,
                    32, false),
                this->gen_ext(
                    this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
                    32, false)),
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false),
            res1_val,
            32);
        Value* MEM_offs_val = res2_val;
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::MEM,
            offs_val,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(MEM_offs_val,this->get_type(32)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.ADDI4SPN
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_addi4spn(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.ADDI4SPN");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,3>(instr));
        uint16_t fld_nzuimm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<5,1>(instr) << 3) | (bit_sub<6,1>(instr) << 2) | (bit_sub<7,4>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<11,2>(instr) << 4);
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.ADDI4SPN x%1$d, 0x%2$05x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_nzuimm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        if(fld_nzuimm_val == 0){
            this->gen_raise_trap(0, 2);
        }
        uint8_t rd_idx_val = (fld_rd_val + 8);
        uint8_t x2_idx_val = 2;
        Value* X_rd_idx_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(x2_idx_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_nzuimm_val));
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_idx_val, get_reg_ptr(rd_idx_val), false);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.LW
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_lw(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.LW");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,3>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_uimm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<5,1>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<6,1>(instr) << 2) | (bit_sub<10,3>(instr) << 3);
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,3>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.LW x(8+%1$d), x(8+%2$d), 0x%3$05x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_uimm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        uint8_t rs1_idx_val = (fld_rs1_val + 8);
        Value* adr_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(rs1_idx_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_uimm_val));
        uint8_t rd_idx_val = (fld_rd_val + 8);
        Value* X_rd_idx_val = this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::MEM, adr_val, 32/8);
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_idx_val, get_reg_ptr(rd_idx_val), false);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.SW
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_sw(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.SW");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,3>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_uimm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<5,1>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<6,1>(instr) << 2) | (bit_sub<10,3>(instr) << 3);
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,3>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.SW x(8+%1$d), x(8+%2$d), 0x%3$05x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val % (uint64_t)fld_uimm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        uint8_t rs1_idx_val = (fld_rs1_val + 8);
        Value* adr_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(rs1_idx_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_uimm_val));
        uint8_t rs2_idx_val = (fld_rs2_val + 8);
        Value* MEM_adr_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(rs2_idx_val), false);
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::MEM,
            adr_val,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(MEM_adr_val,this->get_type(32)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.NOP
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_nop(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.NOP");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        ;
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.NOP ");
            ins_fmter ;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        /* TODO: describe operations for C.NOP ! */
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.ADDI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_addi(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.ADDI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        int8_t fld_nzimm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,5>(instr)) | (signed_bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 5);
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.ADDI x%1$d, 0x%2$05x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (int64_t)fld_nzimm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        if(fld_nzimm_val == 0){
            this->gen_raise_trap(0, 2);
        }
        Value* X_rs1_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_nzimm_val));
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rs1_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.JAL
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_jal(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.JAL");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,1>(instr) << 5) | (bit_sub<3,3>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<6,1>(instr) << 7) | (bit_sub<7,1>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<8,1>(instr) << 10) | (bit_sub<9,2>(instr) << 8) | (bit_sub<11,1>(instr) << 4) | (signed_bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 11);
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.JAL 0x%1$05x");
            ins_fmter % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        uint8_t rd_val = 1;
        Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, 2));
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(rd_val), false);
        Value* PC_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
        this->builder->CreateStore(PC_val, get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction C.LI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_li(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.LI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        int8_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,5>(instr)) | (signed_bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 5);
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.LI x%1$d, 0x%2$05x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        if(fld_rd_val == 0){
            this->gen_raise_trap(0, 2);
        }
        Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val);
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.LUI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_lui(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.LUI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        int32_t fld_nzimm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,5>(instr) << 12) | (signed_bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 17);
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.LUI x%1$d, 0x%2$05x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (int64_t)fld_nzimm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        if(fld_rd_val == 0){
            this->gen_raise_trap(0, 2);
        }
        if(fld_rd_val == 2){
            this->gen_raise_trap(0, 2);
        }
        if(fld_nzimm_val == 0){
            this->gen_raise_trap(0, 2);
        }
        Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_const(32U, fld_nzimm_val);
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.ADDI16SP
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_addi16sp(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.ADDI16SP");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        int16_t fld_nzimm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,1>(instr) << 5) | (bit_sub<3,2>(instr) << 7) | (bit_sub<5,1>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<6,1>(instr) << 4) | (signed_bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 9);
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.ADDI16SP 0x%1$05x");
            ins_fmter % (int64_t)fld_nzimm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        uint8_t x2_idx_val = 2;
        Value* X_x2_idx_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->gen_ext(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(x2_idx_val), false),
                32, true),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_nzimm_val));
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_x2_idx_val, get_reg_ptr(x2_idx_val), false);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.SRLI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_srli(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.SRLI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_shamt_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,5>(instr)) | (bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 5);
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,3>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.SRLI x(8+%1$d), %2$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_shamt_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        if(fld_shamt_val > 31){
            this->gen_raise_trap(0, 2);
        }
        uint8_t rs1_idx_val = (fld_rs1_val + 8);
        Value* X_rs1_idx_val = this->builder->CreateLShr(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(rs1_idx_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_shamt_val));
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rs1_idx_val, get_reg_ptr(rs1_idx_val), false);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.SRAI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_srai(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.SRAI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_shamt_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,5>(instr)) | (bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 5);
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,3>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.SRAI x(8+%1$d), %2$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_shamt_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        if(fld_shamt_val > 31){
            this->gen_raise_trap(0, 2);
        }
        uint8_t rs1_idx_val = (fld_rs1_val + 8);
        Value* X_rs1_idx_val = this->builder->CreateAShr(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(rs1_idx_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_shamt_val));
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rs1_idx_val, get_reg_ptr(rs1_idx_val), false);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.ANDI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_andi(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.ANDI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        int8_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,5>(instr)) | (signed_bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 5);
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,3>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.ANDI x(8+%1$d), 0x%2$05x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        uint8_t rs1_idx_val = (fld_rs1_val + 8);
        Value* X_rs1_idx_val = this->builder->CreateAnd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(rs1_idx_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rs1_idx_val, get_reg_ptr(rs1_idx_val), false);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.SUB
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_sub(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.SUB");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,3>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,3>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.SUB x(8+%1$d), x(8+%2$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        uint8_t rd_idx_val = (fld_rd_val + 8);
        uint8_t rs2_idx_val = (fld_rs2_val + 8);
        Value* X_rd_idx_val = this->builder->CreateSub(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(rd_idx_val), false),
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(rs2_idx_val), false));
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_idx_val, get_reg_ptr(rd_idx_val), false);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.XOR
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_xor(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.XOR");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,3>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,3>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.XOR x(8+%1$d), x(8+%2$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        uint8_t rd_idx_val = (fld_rd_val + 8);
        uint8_t rs2_idx_val = (fld_rs2_val + 8);
        Value* X_rd_idx_val = this->builder->CreateXor(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(rd_idx_val), false),
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(rs2_idx_val), false));
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_idx_val, get_reg_ptr(rd_idx_val), false);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.OR
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_or(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.OR");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,3>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,3>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.OR x(8+%1$d), x(8+%2$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        uint8_t rd_idx_val = (fld_rd_val + 8);
        uint8_t rs2_idx_val = (fld_rs2_val + 8);
        Value* X_rd_idx_val = this->builder->CreateOr(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(rd_idx_val), false),
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(rs2_idx_val), false));
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_idx_val, get_reg_ptr(rd_idx_val), false);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.AND
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_and(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.AND");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,3>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,3>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.AND x(8+%1$d), x(8+%2$d)");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        uint8_t rd_idx_val = (fld_rd_val + 8);
        uint8_t rs2_idx_val = (fld_rs2_val + 8);
        Value* X_rd_idx_val = this->builder->CreateAnd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(rd_idx_val), false),
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(rs2_idx_val), false));
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_idx_val, get_reg_ptr(rd_idx_val), false);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.J
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_j(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.J");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,1>(instr) << 5) | (bit_sub<3,3>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<6,1>(instr) << 7) | (bit_sub<7,1>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<8,1>(instr) << 10) | (bit_sub<9,2>(instr) << 8) | (bit_sub<11,1>(instr) << 4) | (signed_bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 11);
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.J 0x%1$05x");
            ins_fmter % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        Value* PC_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val));
        this->builder->CreateStore(PC_val, get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction C.BEQZ
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_beqz(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.BEQZ");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        int16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,1>(instr) << 5) | (bit_sub<3,2>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<5,2>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<10,2>(instr) << 3) | (signed_bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 8);
        uint8_t fld_rs1d_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,3>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.BEQZ x(8+%1$d), 0x%2$05x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs1d_val % (int64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        uint8_t rs1_val = (fld_rs1d_val + 8);
        Value* PC_val = this->gen_choose(
            this->builder->CreateICmp(
                ICmpInst::ICMP_EQ,
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(rs1_val), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, 0)),
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val)),
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, 2)),
            32);
        this->builder->CreateStore(PC_val, get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction C.BNEZ
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_bnez(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.BNEZ");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint16_t fld_imm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,1>(instr) << 5) | (bit_sub<3,2>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<5,2>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<10,2>(instr) << 3) | (bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 8);
        uint8_t fld_rs1d_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,3>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.BNEZ x(8+%1$d),, 0x%2$05x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs1d_val % (uint64_t)fld_imm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        uint8_t rs1_val = (fld_rs1d_val + 8);
        Value* PC_val = this->gen_choose(
            this->builder->CreateICmp(
                ICmpInst::ICMP_NE,
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(rs1_val), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, 0)),
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, fld_imm_val)),
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
                this->gen_const(32U, 2)),
            32);
        this->builder->CreateStore(PC_val, get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction C.SLLI
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_slli(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.SLLI");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_shamt_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,5>(instr)) | (bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 5);
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.SLLI x%1$d, %2$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val % (uint64_t)fld_shamt_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        if(fld_rs1_val == 0){
            this->gen_raise_trap(0, 2);
        }
        if(fld_shamt_val > 31){
            this->gen_raise_trap(0, 2);
        }
        Value* X_rs1_val = this->builder->CreateShl(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_shamt_val));
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rs1_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.LQSP
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_lqsp(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.LQSP");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint16_t fld_uimm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,4>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<6,1>(instr) << 4) | (bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 5);
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            std::string  opcode("C.LQSP");
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % opcode;
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        /* TODO: describe operations for C.LQSP ! */
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.LWSP
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_lwsp(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.LWSP");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_uimm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,2>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<4,3>(instr) << 2) | (bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 5);
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.LWSP x%1$d, sp, 0x%2$05x");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_uimm_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        uint8_t x2_idx_val = 2;
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(x2_idx_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_uimm_val));
        Value* X_rd_val = this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::MEM, offs_val, 32/8);
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.MV
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_mv(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.MV");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.MV x%1$d, x%2$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false);
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.JR
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_jr(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.JR");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.JR x%1$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        Value* PC_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
        this->builder->CreateStore(PC_val, get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction C.EBREAK
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_ebreak(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.EBREAK");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        ;
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            std::string  opcode("C.EBREAK");
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % opcode;
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        this->gen_raise_trap(0, 3);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction C.ADD
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_add(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.ADD");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_rd_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.ADD x%1$d, x%2$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rd_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false),
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false));
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(fld_rd_val), false);
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
    // instruction C.JALR
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_jalr(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.JALR");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rs1_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,5>(instr));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.JALR x%1$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_rs1_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        uint8_t rd_val = 1;
        Value* X_rd_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, 2));
        this->builder->CreateStore(X_rd_val, get_reg_ptr(rd_val), false);
        Value* PC_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs1_val), false);
        this->builder->CreateStore(PC_val, get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }
    
    // instruction C.SWSP
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> __c_swsp(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        bb->setName("C.SWSP");
        
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::PC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PENDING_TRAP), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), false);
        this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
    
        uint8_t fld_rs2_val = 0 | (bit_sub<2,5>(instr));
        uint8_t fld_uimm_val = 0 | (bit_sub<7,2>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<9,4>(instr) << 2);
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            boost::format ins_fmter("C.SWSP x2+0x%1$05x, x%2$d");
            ins_fmter % (uint64_t)fld_uimm_val % (uint64_t)fld_rs2_val;
            boost::format fmter("0x%1$016x\t\t%2$-40s\t\t%%v");
            fmter % pc.val % ins_fmter.str();
            std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
                this->core_ptr,
                this->builder->CreateGlobalStringPtr(fmter.str())
            };
            this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("print_disass"), args);
        }
        pc=pc+2;
        
        uint8_t x2_idx_val = 2;
        Value* offs_val = this->builder->CreateAdd(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(x2_idx_val), false),
            this->gen_const(32U, fld_uimm_val));
        Value* MEM_offs_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(fld_rs2_val), false);
        this->gen_write_mem(
            traits<ARCH>::MEM,
            offs_val,
            this->builder->CreateZExtOrTrunc(MEM_offs_val,this->get_type(32)));
        this->gen_set_pc(pc, traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(this->mod->getContext(), "entry", this->func, this->leave_blk); /* create next BasicBlock in chain */
        this->gen_trap_check(bb);
        return std::make_tuple(vm::CONT, bb);
    }
    
/* end generated code  */
    /****************************************************************************
     * end opcode definitions
     ****************************************************************************/
    std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> illegal_intruction(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr, llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
        //this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), true),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), true);
        this->builder->CreateStore(
            this->builder->CreateAdd(
                this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), true),
                this->gen_const(64U, 1)),
            get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT), true);
        if(this->debugging_enabled()) this->gen_sync(iss::PRE_SYNC);
        pc=pc+((instr&3) == 3?4:2);
        this->gen_raise_trap(0, 2); // illegal instruction trap
        this->gen_sync(iss::POST_SYNC); /* call post-sync if needed */
        this->gen_trap_check(this->leave_blk);
        return std::make_tuple(iss::vm::BRANCH, nullptr);
    }

};

template<typename CODE_WORD>
void debug_fn(CODE_WORD insn){
    volatile CODE_WORD x=insn;
    insn=2*x;
}

template<typename ARCH>
vm_impl<ARCH>::vm_impl(){
    this(new ARCH());
}

template<typename ARCH>
vm_impl<ARCH>::vm_impl(ARCH& core, bool dump) : vm::vm_base<ARCH>(core, dump) {
    qlut[0] = lut_00.data();
    qlut[1] = lut_01.data();
    qlut[2] = lut_10.data();
    qlut[3] = lut_11.data();
    for(auto instr: instr_descr){
        auto quantrant = instr.value&0x3;
        expand_bit_mask(29, lutmasks[quantrant], instr.value>>2, instr.mask>>2, 0, qlut[quantrant], instr.op);
    }
    this->sync_exec=static_cast<sync_type>(this->sync_exec|core.needed_sync());
}

template<typename ARCH>
std::tuple<vm::continuation_e, llvm::BasicBlock*> vm_impl<ARCH>::gen_single_inst_behavior(virt_addr_t& pc, unsigned int& inst_cnt, llvm::BasicBlock* this_block){
    // we fetch at max 4 byte, alignment is 2
    code_word_t insn = 0;
    iss::addr_t paddr;
    const typename traits<ARCH>::addr_t upper_bits = ~traits<ARCH>::PGMASK;
    try {
    uint8_t* const data = (uint8_t*)&insn;
        paddr=this->core.v2p(pc);
        if((pc.val&upper_bits) != ((pc.val+2)&upper_bits)){ // we may cross a page boundary
            auto res = this->core.read(paddr, 2, data);
            if(res!=iss::Ok)
                throw trap_access(1, pc.val);
            if((insn & 0x3) == 0x3){ // this is a 32bit instruction
                res = this->core.read(this->core.v2p(pc+2), 2, data+2);
            }
    } else {
            auto res = this->core.read(paddr, 4, data);
            if(res!=iss::Ok)
                throw trap_access(1, pc.val);
        }
    } catch(trap_access& ta){
        throw trap_access(ta.id, pc.val);
    }
    if(insn==0x0000006f)
        throw simulation_stopped(0);
    // curr pc on stack
    typename vm_impl<ARCH>::processing_pc_entry addr(*this, pc, paddr);
    ++inst_cnt;
    auto lut_val = extract_fields(insn);
    auto f = qlut[insn&0x3][lut_val];
    if (f==nullptr){
        f=&this_class::illegal_intruction;
    }
    return (this->*f)(pc, insn, this_block);
}

template<typename ARCH>
void vm_impl<ARCH>::gen_leave_behavior(llvm::BasicBlock* leave_blk){
    this->builder->SetInsertPoint(leave_blk);
    this->builder->CreateRet(this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), false));
}

template<typename ARCH>
void vm_impl<ARCH>::gen_raise_trap(uint16_t trap_id, uint16_t cause){
    auto* TRAP_val = this->gen_const(traits<ARCH>::XLEN, 0x80<<24| (cause<<16) | trap_id  );
    this->builder->CreateStore(TRAP_val, get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
}

template<typename ARCH>
void vm_impl<ARCH>::gen_leave_trap(unsigned lvl){
    std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
        this->core_ptr,
        llvm::ConstantInt::get(getContext(), llvm::APInt(64, lvl)),
    };
    this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("leave_trap"), args);
    auto* PC_val = this->gen_read_mem(traits<ARCH>::CSR, (lvl<<8)+0x41, traits<ARCH>::XLEN/8);
    this->builder->CreateStore(PC_val, get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), false);
}

template<typename ARCH>
void vm_impl<ARCH>::gen_wait(unsigned type){
    std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
        this->core_ptr,
        llvm::ConstantInt::get(getContext(), llvm::APInt(64, type)),
    };
    this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("wait"), args);
}

template<typename ARCH>
void vm_impl<ARCH>::gen_trap_behavior(llvm::BasicBlock* trap_blk){
    this->builder->SetInsertPoint(trap_blk);
    auto* trap_state_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
    std::vector<llvm::Value*> args {
        this->core_ptr,
        this->adj_to64(trap_state_val),
        this->adj_to64(this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::PC), false))
    };
    this->builder->CreateCall(this->mod->getFunction("enter_trap"), args);
    auto* trap_addr_val = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC), false);
    this->builder->CreateRet(trap_addr_val);
}

template<typename ARCH> inline
void vm_impl<ARCH>::gen_trap_check(llvm::BasicBlock* bb){
    auto* v = this->builder->CreateLoad(get_reg_ptr(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE), true);
    this->gen_cond_branch(
            this->builder->CreateICmp(
                    ICmpInst::ICMP_EQ,
                    v,
                    llvm::ConstantInt::get(getContext(), llvm::APInt(v->getType()->getIntegerBitWidth(), 0))),
                    bb,
                    this->trap_blk, 1);
}

} // namespace minrv_ima

#define CREATE_FUNCS(ARCH) \
template<> std::unique_ptr<vm_if> create<ARCH>(ARCH* core, unsigned short port, bool dump) {\
    std::unique_ptr<minrv_ima::vm_impl<ARCH> > ret = std::make_unique<minrv_ima::vm_impl<ARCH> >(*core, dump);\
    debugger::server<debugger::gdb_session>::run_server(ret.get(), port);\
    return ret;\
}\
template<> std::unique_ptr<vm_if> create<ARCH>(std::string inst_name, unsigned short port, bool dump) {\
    return create<ARCH>(new arch::riscv_core<ARCH>(), port, dump); /* FIXME: memory leak!!!!!!! */\
}\
template<> std::unique_ptr<vm_if> create<ARCH>(ARCH* core, bool dump) {\
    return std::make_unique<minrv_ima::vm_impl<ARCH> >(*core, dump); /* FIXME: memory leak!!!!!!! */ \
}\
template<> std::unique_ptr<vm_if> create<ARCH>(std::string inst_name, bool dump) { \
    return create<ARCH>(new arch::riscv_core<ARCH>(), dump);\
}

CREATE_FUNCS(arch::minrv_ima)

namespace minrv_ima {

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::set_gen_thread(rp_thread_ref& thread) {
        thread_idx=thread;
        return Ok;
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::set_ctrl_thread(rp_thread_ref& thread) {
        thread_idx=thread;
        return Ok;
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::is_thread_alive(rp_thread_ref& thread, bool& alive) {
        alive=1;
        return Ok;
    }

    /* List threads. If first is non-zero then start from the first thread,
     * otherwise start from arg, result points to array of threads to be
     * filled out, result size is number of elements in the result,
     * num points to the actual number of threads found, done is
     * set if all threads are processed.
     */
    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::thread_list_query(int first, const rp_thread_ref& arg, std::vector<rp_thread_ref>& result, size_t max_num,
            size_t& num, bool& done) {
        if(first==0){
            result.clear();
            result.push_back(thread_idx);
            num=1;
            done=true;
            return Ok;
        } else
            return NotSupported;
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::current_thread_query(rp_thread_ref& thread) {
        thread=thread_idx;
        return Ok;
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::read_registers(std::vector<uint8_t>& data, std::vector<uint8_t>& avail) {
        LOG(TRACE)<<"reading target registers";
        //return idx<0?:;
        data.clear();
        avail.clear();
        std::vector<uint8_t> reg_data;
        for(size_t reg_no = 0; reg_no < arch::traits<ARCH>::NUM_REGS; ++reg_no){
            auto reg_bit_width = arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_bit_width(static_cast<typename arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_e>(reg_no));
            auto reg_width=reg_bit_width/8;
            reg_data.resize(reg_width);
            vm->get_arch()->get_reg(reg_no, reg_data);
            for(size_t j=0; j<reg_data.size(); ++j){
                data.push_back(reg_data[j]);
                avail.push_back(0xff);
            }
        }
        // work around fill with F type registers
        if(arch::traits<ARCH>::NUM_REGS < 65){
            auto reg_width=sizeof(typename arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_t);
            for(size_t reg_no = 0; reg_no < 33; ++reg_no){
                for(size_t j=0; j<reg_width; ++j){
                    data.push_back(0x0);
                    avail.push_back(0x00);
                }
            }
        }
        return Ok;
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::write_registers(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {
        size_t data_index=0;
        auto reg_count=arch::traits<ARCH>::NUM_REGS;
        std::vector<uint8_t> reg_data;
        for(size_t reg_no = 0; reg_no < reg_count; ++reg_no){
            auto reg_bit_width = arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_bit_width(static_cast<typename arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_e>(reg_no));
            auto reg_width=reg_bit_width/8;
            vm->get_arch()->set_reg(reg_no, std::vector<uint8_t>(data.begin()+data_index, data.begin()+data_index+reg_width));
            data_index+=reg_width;
        }
        return Ok;
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::read_single_register(unsigned int reg_no, std::vector<uint8_t>& data, std::vector<uint8_t>& avail) {
        if(reg_no<65){
            //auto reg_size = arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_bit_width(static_cast<typename arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_e>(reg_no))/8;
            data.resize(0);
            vm->get_arch()->get_reg(reg_no, data);
            avail.resize(data.size());
            std::fill(avail.begin(), avail.end(), 0xff);
        } else {
            typed_addr_t<iss::PHYSICAL> a(iss::DEBUG_READ, traits<ARCH>::CSR, reg_no-65);
            data.resize(sizeof(typename traits<ARCH>::reg_t));
            avail.resize(sizeof(typename traits<ARCH>::reg_t));
            std::fill(avail.begin(), avail.end(), 0xff);
            vm->get_arch()->read(a, data.size(), data.data());
        }
        return data.size()>0?Ok:Err;
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::write_single_register(unsigned int reg_no, const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {
        if(reg_no<65)
            vm->get_arch()->set_reg(reg_no, data);
        else {
            typed_addr_t<iss::PHYSICAL> a(iss::DEBUG_WRITE, traits<ARCH>::CSR, reg_no-65);
            vm->get_arch()->write(a, data.size(), data.data());
        }
        return Ok;
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::read_mem(uint64_t addr, std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {
        auto a=map_addr({iss::DEBUG_READ, iss::VIRTUAL, 0, addr});
        auto f = [&]()->status {
            return vm->get_arch()->read(a, data.size(), data.data());
        };
        return srv->execute_syncronized(f);

    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::write_mem(uint64_t addr, const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {
        auto a=map_addr({iss::DEBUG_READ, iss::VIRTUAL, 0, addr});
        return srv->execute_syncronized(&arch_if::write, vm->get_arch(), a, data.size(), data.data());
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::process_query(unsigned int& mask, const rp_thread_ref& arg, rp_thread_info& info) {
        return NotSupported;
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::offsets_query(uint64_t& text, uint64_t& data, uint64_t& bss) {
        text=0;
        data=0;
        bss=0;
        return Ok;
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::crc_query(uint64_t addr, size_t len, uint32_t&  val) {
        return NotSupported;
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::raw_query(std::string in_buf, std::string& out_buf) {
        return NotSupported;
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::threadinfo_query(int first, std::string& out_buf) {
        if(first){
            std::stringstream ss;
            ss<<"m"<<std::hex<<thread_idx.val;
            out_buf=ss.str();
        } else {
            out_buf="l";
        }
        return Ok;
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::threadextrainfo_query(const rp_thread_ref& thread, std::string& out_buf) {
        char buf[20];
        memset(buf, 0, 20);
        sprintf (buf, "%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x", 'R', 'u', 'n', 'n', 'a', 'b', 'l', 'e', 0);
        out_buf=buf;
        return Ok;
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::packetsize_query(std::string& out_buf) {
        out_buf="PacketSize=1000";
        return Ok;
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::add_break(int type, uint64_t addr, unsigned int length) {
        auto saddr=map_addr({iss::CODE, iss::PHYSICAL, addr});
        auto eaddr=map_addr({iss::CODE, iss::PHYSICAL, addr+length});
        target_adapter_base::bp_lut.addEntry(++target_adapter_base::bp_count, saddr.val, eaddr.val-saddr.val);
        LOG(TRACE)<<"Adding breakpoint with handle "<<target_adapter_base::bp_count<<" for addr 0x"<<std::hex<<saddr.val<<std::dec;
        LOG(TRACE)<<"Now having "<<target_adapter_base::bp_lut.size()<<" breakpoints";
        return Ok;
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::remove_break(int type, uint64_t addr, unsigned int length) {
        auto saddr=map_addr({iss::CODE, iss::PHYSICAL, addr});
        unsigned handle=target_adapter_base::bp_lut.getEntry(saddr.val);
        // TODO: check length of addr range
        if(handle){
            LOG(TRACE)<<"Removing breakpoint with handle "<<handle<<" for addr 0x"<<std::hex<<saddr.val<<std::dec;
            target_adapter_base::bp_lut.removeEntry(handle);
            LOG(TRACE)<<"Now having "<<target_adapter_base::bp_lut.size()<<" breakpoints";
            return Ok;
        }
        LOG(TRACE)<<"Now having "<<target_adapter_base::bp_lut.size()<<" breakpoints";
        return Err;
    }

    template<typename ARCH>
    status target_adapter<ARCH>::resume_from_addr(bool step, int sig, uint64_t addr) {
        unsigned reg_no = arch::traits<ARCH>::PC;
        std::vector<uint8_t> data(8);
        *(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(&data[0]))=addr;
        vm->get_arch()->set_reg(reg_no, data);
        return resume_from_current(step, sig);
    }
} // namespace minrv_ima
} // namespace iss