/*******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (C) 2020 MINRES Technologies GmbH
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *******************************************************************************/

#include "../fp_functions.h"
#include <iss/arch/tgf_c.h>
#include <iss/arch/riscv_hart_m_p.h>
#include <iss/debugger/gdb_session.h>
#include <iss/debugger/server.h>
#include <iss/iss.h>
#include <iss/interp/vm_base.h>
#include <util/logging.h>
#include <sstream>

#ifndef FMT_HEADER_ONLY
#define FMT_HEADER_ONLY
#endif
#include <fmt/format.h>

#include <array>
#include <iss/debugger/riscv_target_adapter.h>

namespace iss {
namespace interp {
namespace tgf_c {
using namespace iss::arch;
using namespace iss::debugger;

template <typename ARCH> class vm_impl : public iss::interp::vm_base<ARCH> {
public:
    using traits = arch::traits<ARCH>;
    using super       = typename iss::interp::vm_base<ARCH>;
    using virt_addr_t = typename super::virt_addr_t;
    using phys_addr_t = typename super::phys_addr_t;
    using code_word_t = typename super::code_word_t;
    using addr_t      = typename super::addr_t;
    using reg_t       = typename traits::reg_t;
    using mem_type_e  = typename traits::mem_type_e;

    vm_impl();

    vm_impl(ARCH &core, unsigned core_id = 0, unsigned cluster_id = 0);

    void enableDebug(bool enable) { super::sync_exec = super::ALL_SYNC; }

    target_adapter_if *accquire_target_adapter(server_if *srv) override {
        debugger_if::dbg_enabled = true;
        if (super::tgt_adapter == nullptr)
            super::tgt_adapter = new riscv_target_adapter<ARCH>(srv, this->get_arch());
        return super::tgt_adapter;
    }

protected:
    using this_class = vm_impl<ARCH>;
    using compile_ret_t = virt_addr_t;
    using compile_func = compile_ret_t (this_class::*)(virt_addr_t &pc, code_word_t instr);

    inline const char *name(size_t index){return traits::reg_aliases.at(index);}

    virt_addr_t execute_inst(virt_addr_t start, std::function<bool(void)> pred) override;

    // some compile time constants
    // enum { MASK16 = 0b1111110001100011, MASK32 = 0b11111111111100000111000001111111 };
    enum { MASK16 = 0b1111111111111111, MASK32 = 0b11111111111100000111000001111111 };
    enum { EXTR_MASK16 = MASK16 >> 2, EXTR_MASK32 = MASK32 >> 2 };
    enum { LUT_SIZE = 1 << util::bit_count(EXTR_MASK32), LUT_SIZE_C = 1 << util::bit_count(EXTR_MASK16) };

    std::array<compile_func, LUT_SIZE> lut;

    std::array<compile_func, LUT_SIZE_C> lut_00, lut_01, lut_10;
    std::array<compile_func, LUT_SIZE> lut_11;

    std::array<compile_func *, 4> qlut;

    std::array<const uint32_t, 4> lutmasks = {{EXTR_MASK16, EXTR_MASK16, EXTR_MASK16, EXTR_MASK32}};

    void expand_bit_mask(int pos, uint32_t mask, uint32_t value, uint32_t valid, uint32_t idx, compile_func lut[],
                         compile_func f) {
        if (pos < 0) {
            lut[idx] = f;
        } else {
            auto bitmask = 1UL << pos;
            if ((mask & bitmask) == 0) {
                expand_bit_mask(pos - 1, mask, value, valid, idx, lut, f);
            } else {
                if ((valid & bitmask) == 0) {
                    expand_bit_mask(pos - 1, mask, value, valid, (idx << 1), lut, f);
                    expand_bit_mask(pos - 1, mask, value, valid, (idx << 1) + 1, lut, f);
                } else {
                    auto new_val = idx << 1;
                    if ((value & bitmask) != 0) new_val++;
                    expand_bit_mask(pos - 1, mask, value, valid, new_val, lut, f);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    inline uint32_t extract_fields(uint32_t val) { return extract_fields(29, val >> 2, lutmasks[val & 0x3], 0); }

    uint32_t extract_fields(int pos, uint32_t val, uint32_t mask, uint32_t lut_val) {
        if (pos >= 0) {
            auto bitmask = 1UL << pos;
            if ((mask & bitmask) == 0) {
                lut_val = extract_fields(pos - 1, val, mask, lut_val);
            } else {
                auto new_val = lut_val << 1;
                if ((val & bitmask) != 0) new_val++;
                lut_val = extract_fields(pos - 1, val, mask, new_val);
            }
        }
        return lut_val;
    }

    void raise(uint16_t trap_id, uint16_t cause){
        auto trap_val =  0x80ULL << 24 | (cause << 16) | trap_id;
        this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE) = trap_val;
        this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::NEXT_PC) = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
    }

    void leave(unsigned lvl){
        this->core.leave_trap(lvl);
        auto pc_val = super::template read_mem<reg_t>(traits::CSR, (lvl << 8) + 0x41);
        this->template get_reg<reg_t>(traits::NEXT_PC) = pc_val;
        this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::LAST_BRANCH) = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
    }

    void wait(unsigned type){
        this->core.wait_until(type);
    }

    inline uint8_t readSpace1(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr){return super::template read_mem<uint8_t>(space, addr);}
    inline uint16_t readSpace2(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr){return super::template read_mem<uint16_t>(space, addr);}
    inline uint32_t readSpace4(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr){return super::template read_mem<uint32_t>(space, addr);}
    inline uint64_t readSpace8(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr){return super::template read_mem<uint64_t>(space, addr);}
    inline void writeSpace1(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr, uint8_t data){super::write_mem(space, addr, data);}
    inline void writeSpace2(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr, uint16_t data){super::write_mem(space, addr, data);}
    inline void writeSpace4(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr, uint32_t data){super::write_mem(space, addr, data);}
    inline void writeSpace8(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr, uint64_t data){super::write_mem(space, addr, data);}

private:
    /****************************************************************************
     * start opcode definitions
     ****************************************************************************/
    struct InstructionDesriptor {
        size_t length;
        uint32_t value;
        uint32_t mask;
        compile_func op;
    };

    const std::array<InstructionDesriptor, 88> instr_descr = {{
         /* entries are: size, valid value, valid mask, function ptr */
        /* instruction LUI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000000110111, 0b00000000000000000000000001111111, &this_class::__lui},
        /* instruction AUIPC */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000000010111, 0b00000000000000000000000001111111, &this_class::__auipc},
        /* instruction JAL */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000001101111, 0b00000000000000000000000001111111, &this_class::__jal},
        /* instruction JALR */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000001100111, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__jalr},
        /* instruction BEQ */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000001100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__beq},
        /* instruction BNE */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000001000001100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__bne},
        /* instruction BLT */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000100000001100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__blt},
        /* instruction BGE */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000101000001100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__bge},
        /* instruction BLTU */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000110000001100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__bltu},
        /* instruction BGEU */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000111000001100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__bgeu},
        /* instruction LB */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000000000011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__lb},
        /* instruction LH */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000001000000000011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__lh},
        /* instruction LW */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000010000000000011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__lw},
        /* instruction LBU */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000100000000000011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__lbu},
        /* instruction LHU */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000101000000000011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__lhu},
        /* instruction SB */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000000100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__sb},
        /* instruction SH */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000001000000100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__sh},
        /* instruction SW */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000010000000100011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__sw},
        /* instruction ADDI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000000010011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__addi},
        /* instruction SLTI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000010000000010011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__slti},
        /* instruction SLTIU */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000011000000010011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__sltiu},
        /* instruction XORI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000100000000010011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__xori},
        /* instruction ORI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000110000000010011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__ori},
        /* instruction ANDI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000111000000010011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__andi},
        /* instruction SLLI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000001000000010011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__slli},
        /* instruction SRLI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000101000000010011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__srli},
        /* instruction SRAI */
        {32, 0b01000000000000000101000000010011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__srai},
        /* instruction ADD */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__add},
        /* instruction SUB */
        {32, 0b01000000000000000000000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__sub},
        /* instruction SLL */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000001000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__sll},
        /* instruction SLT */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000010000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__slt},
        /* instruction SLTU */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000011000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__sltu},
        /* instruction XOR */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000100000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__xor},
        /* instruction SRL */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000101000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__srl},
        /* instruction SRA */
        {32, 0b01000000000000000101000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__sra},
        /* instruction OR */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000110000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__or},
        /* instruction AND */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000111000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__and},
        /* instruction FENCE */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000000001111, 0b11110000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__fence},
        /* instruction FENCE_I */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000001000000001111, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__fence_i},
        /* instruction ECALL */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000000000001110011, 0b11111111111111111111111111111111, &this_class::__ecall},
        /* instruction EBREAK */
        {32, 0b00000000000100000000000001110011, 0b11111111111111111111111111111111, &this_class::__ebreak},
        /* instruction URET */
        {32, 0b00000000001000000000000001110011, 0b11111111111111111111111111111111, &this_class::__uret},
        /* instruction SRET */
        {32, 0b00010000001000000000000001110011, 0b11111111111111111111111111111111, &this_class::__sret},
        /* instruction MRET */
        {32, 0b00110000001000000000000001110011, 0b11111111111111111111111111111111, &this_class::__mret},
        /* instruction WFI */
        {32, 0b00010000010100000000000001110011, 0b11111111111111111111111111111111, &this_class::__wfi},
        /* instruction SFENCE_VMA */
        {32, 0b00010010000000000000000001110011, 0b11111110000000000111111111111111, &this_class::__sfence_vma},
        /* instruction CSRRW */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000001000001110011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__csrrw},
        /* instruction CSRRS */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000010000001110011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__csrrs},
        /* instruction CSRRC */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000011000001110011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__csrrc},
        /* instruction CSRRWI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000101000001110011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__csrrwi},
        /* instruction CSRRSI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000110000001110011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__csrrsi},
        /* instruction CSRRCI */
        {32, 0b00000000000000000111000001110011, 0b00000000000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__csrrci},
        /* instruction MUL */
        {32, 0b00000010000000000000000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__mul},
        /* instruction MULH */
        {32, 0b00000010000000000001000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__mulh},
        /* instruction MULHSU */
        {32, 0b00000010000000000010000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__mulhsu},
        /* instruction MULHU */
        {32, 0b00000010000000000011000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__mulhu},
        /* instruction DIV */
        {32, 0b00000010000000000100000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__div},
        /* instruction DIVU */
        {32, 0b00000010000000000101000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__divu},
        /* instruction REM */
        {32, 0b00000010000000000110000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__rem},
        /* instruction REMU */
        {32, 0b00000010000000000111000000110011, 0b11111110000000000111000001111111, &this_class::__remu},
        /* instruction CADDI4SPN */
        {16, 0b0000000000000000, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__caddi4spn},
        /* instruction CLW */
        {16, 0b0100000000000000, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__clw},
        /* instruction CSW */
        {16, 0b1100000000000000, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__csw},
        /* instruction CADDI */
        {16, 0b0000000000000001, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__caddi},
        /* instruction CNOP */
        {16, 0b0000000000000001, 0b1111111111111111, &this_class::__cnop},
        /* instruction CJAL */
        {16, 0b0010000000000001, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__cjal},
        /* instruction CLI */
        {16, 0b0100000000000001, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__cli},
        /* instruction CLUI */
        {16, 0b0110000000000001, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__clui},
        /* instruction CADDI16SP */
        {16, 0b0110000100000001, 0b1110111110000011, &this_class::__caddi16sp},
        /* instruction CSRLI */
        {16, 0b1000000000000001, 0b1111110000000011, &this_class::__csrli},
        /* instruction CSRAI */
        {16, 0b1000010000000001, 0b1111110000000011, &this_class::__csrai},
        /* instruction CANDI */
        {16, 0b1000100000000001, 0b1110110000000011, &this_class::__candi},
        /* instruction CSUB */
        {16, 0b1000110000000001, 0b1111110001100011, &this_class::__csub},
        /* instruction CXOR */
        {16, 0b1000110000100001, 0b1111110001100011, &this_class::__cxor},
        /* instruction COR */
        {16, 0b1000110001000001, 0b1111110001100011, &this_class::__cor},
        /* instruction CAND */
        {16, 0b1000110001100001, 0b1111110001100011, &this_class::__cand},
        /* instruction CJ */
        {16, 0b1010000000000001, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__cj},
        /* instruction CBEQZ */
        {16, 0b1100000000000001, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__cbeqz},
        /* instruction CBNEZ */
        {16, 0b1110000000000001, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__cbnez},
        /* instruction CSLLI */
        {16, 0b0000000000000010, 0b1111000000000011, &this_class::__cslli},
        /* instruction CLWSP */
        {16, 0b0100000000000010, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__clwsp},
        /* instruction CMV */
        {16, 0b1000000000000010, 0b1111000000000011, &this_class::__cmv},
        /* instruction CJR */
        {16, 0b1000000000000010, 0b1111000001111111, &this_class::__cjr},
        /* instruction CADD */
        {16, 0b1001000000000010, 0b1111000000000011, &this_class::__cadd},
        /* instruction CJALR */
        {16, 0b1001000000000010, 0b1111000001111111, &this_class::__cjalr},
        /* instruction CEBREAK */
        {16, 0b1001000000000010, 0b1111111111111111, &this_class::__cebreak},
        /* instruction CSWSP */
        {16, 0b1100000000000010, 0b1110000000000011, &this_class::__cswsp},
        /* instruction DII */
        {16, 0b0000000000000000, 0b1111111111111111, &this_class::__dii},
    }};
 
    /* instruction definitions */
    /* instruction 0: LUI */
    compile_ret_t __lui(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 0);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        int32_t imm = signextend<int32_t,32>((bit_sub<12,20>(instr) << 12));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "lui"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd != 0) *(X+rd) = imm; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 0);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 1: AUIPC */
    compile_ret_t __auipc(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 1);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        int32_t imm = signextend<int32_t,32>((bit_sub<12,20>(instr) << 12));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm:#08x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "auipc"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd != 0) *(X+rd) = *PC + imm; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 1);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 2: JAL */
    compile_ret_t __jal(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 2);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        int32_t imm = signextend<int32_t,21>((bit_sub<12,8>(instr) << 12) | (bit_sub<20,1>(instr) << 11) | (bit_sub<21,10>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<31,1>(instr) << 20));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "jal"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	if(rd != 0) *(X+rd) = *PC + 4; 
        	*PC = *PC + imm;
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::PC);
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 2);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 3: JALR */
    compile_ret_t __jalr(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 3);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,12>((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {imm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "jalr"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	int32_t new_pc = *(X+rs1) + imm;
        	if(rd != 0) *(X+rd) = *PC + 4; 
        	*PC = new_pc & ~ 0x1;
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::PC);
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 3);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 4: BEQ */
    compile_ret_t __beq(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 4);
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,13>((bit_sub<7,1>(instr) << 11) | (bit_sub<8,4>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<25,6>(instr) << 5) | (bit_sub<31,1>(instr) << 12));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {rs2}, {imm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "beq"),
                fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(*(X+rs1) == *(X+rs2)) *PC = *PC + imm; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::PC);
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 4);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 5: BNE */
    compile_ret_t __bne(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 5);
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,13>((bit_sub<7,1>(instr) << 11) | (bit_sub<8,4>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<25,6>(instr) << 5) | (bit_sub<31,1>(instr) << 12));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {rs2}, {imm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "bne"),
                fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(*(X+rs1) != *(X+rs2)) *PC = *PC + imm; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::PC);
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 5);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 6: BLT */
    compile_ret_t __blt(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 6);
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,13>((bit_sub<7,1>(instr) << 11) | (bit_sub<8,4>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<25,6>(instr) << 5) | (bit_sub<31,1>(instr) << 12));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {rs2}, {imm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "blt"),
                fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(*(X+rs1) < *(X+rs2)) *PC = *PC + imm; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::PC);
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 6);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 7: BGE */
    compile_ret_t __bge(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 7);
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,13>((bit_sub<7,1>(instr) << 11) | (bit_sub<8,4>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<25,6>(instr) << 5) | (bit_sub<31,1>(instr) << 12));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {rs2}, {imm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "bge"),
                fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(*(X+rs1) >= *(X+rs2)) *PC = *PC + imm; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::PC);
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 7);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 8: BLTU */
    compile_ret_t __bltu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 8);
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,13>((bit_sub<7,1>(instr) << 11) | (bit_sub<8,4>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<25,6>(instr) << 5) | (bit_sub<31,1>(instr) << 12));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {rs2}, {imm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "bltu"),
                fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(*(X+rs1) < *(X+rs2)) *PC = *PC + imm; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::PC);
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 8);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 9: BGEU */
    compile_ret_t __bgeu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 9);
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,13>((bit_sub<7,1>(instr) << 11) | (bit_sub<8,4>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<25,6>(instr) << 5) | (bit_sub<31,1>(instr) << 12));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {rs2}, {imm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "bgeu"),
                fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(*(X+rs1) >= *(X+rs2)) *PC = *PC + imm; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::PC);
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 9);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 10: LB */
    compile_ret_t __lb(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 10);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,12>((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "lb"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd != 0) *(X+rd) = readSpace1(traits::MEM, *(X+rs1) + imm); 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 10);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 11: LH */
    compile_ret_t __lh(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 11);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,12>((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "lh"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd != 0) *(X+rd) = (int16_t)readSpace2(traits::MEM, *(X+rs1) + imm); 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 11);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 12: LW */
    compile_ret_t __lw(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 12);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,12>((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "lw"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd != 0) *(X+rd) = (uint32_t)readSpace4(traits::MEM, *(X+rs1) + imm); 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 12);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 13: LBU */
    compile_ret_t __lbu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 13);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,12>((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "lbu"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd != 0) *(X+rd) = (uint8_t)readSpace1(traits::MEM, *(X+rs1) + imm); 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 13);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 14: LHU */
    compile_ret_t __lhu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 14);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,12>((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "lhu"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd != 0) *(X+rd) = (uint16_t)readSpace2(traits::MEM, *(X+rs1) + imm); 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 14);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 15: SB */
    compile_ret_t __sb(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 15);
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,12>((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)) | (bit_sub<25,7>(instr) << 5));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs2}, {imm}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "sb"),
                fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        writeSpace1(traits::MEM, *(X+rs1) + imm, (int8_t)*(X+rs2));
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 15);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 16: SH */
    compile_ret_t __sh(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 16);
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,12>((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)) | (bit_sub<25,7>(instr) << 5));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs2}, {imm}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "sh"),
                fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        writeSpace2(traits::MEM, *(X+rs1) + imm, (int16_t)*(X+rs2));
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 16);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 17: SW */
    compile_ret_t __sw(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 17);
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,12>((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)) | (bit_sub<25,7>(instr) << 5));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs2}, {imm}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "sw"),
                fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        writeSpace4(traits::MEM, *(X+rs1) + imm, *(X+rs2));
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 17);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 18: ADDI */
    compile_ret_t __addi(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 18);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,12>((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {imm}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "addi"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) + imm; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 18);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 19: SLTI */
    compile_ret_t __slti(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 19);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,12>((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {imm}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "slti"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) < imm?  1 :  0; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 19);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 20: SLTIU */
    compile_ret_t __sltiu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 20);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,12>((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {imm}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "sltiu"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = (uint8_t)*(X+rs1) < (uint8_t)(int32_t)imm?  1 :  0; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 20);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 21: XORI */
    compile_ret_t __xori(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 21);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,12>((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {imm}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "xori"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) ^ imm; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 21);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 22: ORI */
    compile_ret_t __ori(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 22);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,12>((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {imm}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "ori"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) | imm; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 22);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 23: ANDI */
    compile_ret_t __andi(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 23);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,12>((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {imm}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "andi"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) & imm; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 23);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 24: SLLI */
    compile_ret_t __slli(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 24);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t shamt = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {shamt}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "slli"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("shamt", shamt));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(shamt >  31) {
        	raise(0, 0);
        }
        else {
        	if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) << shamt; 
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 24);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 25: SRLI */
    compile_ret_t __srli(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 25);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t shamt = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {shamt}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "srli"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("shamt", shamt));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(shamt >  31) {
        	raise(0, 0);
        }
        else {
        	if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = ((uint8_t)*(X+rs1)) >> shamt; 
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 25);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 26: SRAI */
    compile_ret_t __srai(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 26);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t shamt = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {shamt}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "srai"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("shamt", shamt));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(shamt >  31) {
        	raise(0, 0);
        }
        else {
        	if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) >> shamt; 
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 26);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 27: ADD */
    compile_ret_t __add(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 27);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "add"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) + *(X+rs2); 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 27);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 28: SUB */
    compile_ret_t __sub(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 28);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "sub"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) - *(X+rs2); 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 28);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 29: SLL */
    compile_ret_t __sll(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 29);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "sll"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) << (*(X+rs2) & (traits::XLEN - 1)); 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 29);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 30: SLT */
    compile_ret_t __slt(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 30);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "slt"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) < *(X+rs2)?  1 :  0; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 30);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 31: SLTU */
    compile_ret_t __sltu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 31);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "sltu"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = (uint32_t)*(X+rs1) < (uint32_t)*(X+rs2)?  1 :  0; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 31);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 32: XOR */
    compile_ret_t __xor(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 32);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "xor"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) ^ *(X+rs2); 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 32);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 33: SRL */
    compile_ret_t __srl(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 33);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "srl"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) << (*(X+rs2) & (traits::XLEN - 1)); 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 33);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 34: SRA */
    compile_ret_t __sra(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 34);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "sra"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) >> (*(X+rs2) & (traits::XLEN - 1)); 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 34);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 35: OR */
    compile_ret_t __or(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 35);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "or"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) | *(X+rs2); 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 35);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 36: AND */
    compile_ret_t __and(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 36);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "and"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(rd !=  0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) & *(X+rs2); 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 36);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 37: FENCE */
    compile_ret_t __fence(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 37);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t succ = ((bit_sub<20,4>(instr)));
        uint8_t pred = ((bit_sub<24,4>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {pred}, {succ}, {rs1}, {rd}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "fence"),
                fmt::arg("pred", name(pred)), fmt::arg("succ", name(succ)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        writeSpace1(traits::FENCE, traits::fence, pred << 4 | succ);
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 37);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 38: FENCE_I */
    compile_ret_t __fence_i(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 38);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint16_t imm = ((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {rd}, {imm}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "fence_i"),
                fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", name(imm)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        writeSpace2(traits::FENCE, traits::fencei, imm);
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 38);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 39: ECALL */
    compile_ret_t __ecall(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 39);
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, "ecall");
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        raise(0,  11);
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 39);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 40: EBREAK */
    compile_ret_t __ebreak(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 40);
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, "ebreak");
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        raise(0,  3);
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 40);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 41: URET */
    compile_ret_t __uret(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 41);
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, "uret");
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        leave(0);
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 41);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 42: SRET */
    compile_ret_t __sret(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 42);
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, "sret");
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        leave(1);
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 42);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 43: MRET */
    compile_ret_t __mret(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 43);
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, "mret");
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        leave(3);
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 43);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 44: WFI */
    compile_ret_t __wfi(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 44);
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, "wfi");
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        wait(1);
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 44);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 45: SFENCE_VMA */
    compile_ret_t __sfence_vma(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 45);
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs2}, {rs1}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "sfence_vma"),
                fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("rs1", rs1));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	writeSpace1(traits::FENCE, traits::fencevmal, (uint8_t)rs1);
        	writeSpace1(traits::FENCE, traits::fencevmau, (uint8_t)rs2);
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 45);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 46: CSRRW */
    compile_ret_t __csrrw(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 46);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint16_t csr = ((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {csr}, {rs1}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "csrrw"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("csr", csr), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	uint32_t rs_val = *(X+rs1);
        	if(rd != 0) {
        		uint32_t csr_val = readSpace4(traits::CSR, csr);
        		writeSpace4(traits::CSR, csr, rs_val);
        		*(X+rd) = csr_val;
        	}
        	else {
        		writeSpace4(traits::CSR, csr, rs_val);
        	}
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 46);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 47: CSRRS */
    compile_ret_t __csrrs(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 47);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint16_t csr = ((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {csr}, {rs1}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "csrrs"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("csr", csr), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	uint32_t xrd = readSpace4(traits::CSR, csr);
        	uint32_t xrs1 = *(X+rs1);
        	if(rd != 0) *(X+rd) = xrd; 
        	if(rs1 != 0) writeSpace4(traits::CSR, csr, xrd | xrs1); 
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 47);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 48: CSRRC */
    compile_ret_t __csrrc(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 48);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint16_t csr = ((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {csr}, {rs1}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "csrrc"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("csr", csr), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	uint32_t xrd = readSpace4(traits::CSR, csr);
        	uint32_t xrs1 = *(X+rs1);
        	if(rd != 0) *(X+rd) = xrd; 
        	if(rs1 != 0) writeSpace4(traits::CSR, csr, xrd & ~ xrs1); 
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 48);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 49: CSRRWI */
    compile_ret_t __csrrwi(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 49);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t zimm = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint16_t csr = ((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {csr}, {zimm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "csrrwi"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("csr", csr), fmt::arg("zimm", zimm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	if(rd != 0) *(X+rd) = readSpace4(traits::CSR, csr); 
        	writeSpace4(traits::CSR, csr, (uint32_t)zimm);
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 49);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 50: CSRRSI */
    compile_ret_t __csrrsi(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 50);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t zimm = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint16_t csr = ((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {csr}, {zimm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "csrrsi"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("csr", csr), fmt::arg("zimm", zimm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	uint32_t res = readSpace4(traits::CSR, csr);
        	if(zimm != 0) writeSpace4(traits::CSR, csr, res | (uint32_t)zimm); 
        	if(rd != 0) *(X+rd) = res; 
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 50);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 51: CSRRCI */
    compile_ret_t __csrrci(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 51);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t zimm = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint16_t csr = ((bit_sub<20,12>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {csr}, {zimm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "csrrci"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("csr", csr), fmt::arg("zimm", zimm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	uint32_t res = readSpace4(traits::CSR, csr);
        	if(rd != 0) *(X+rd) = res; 
        	if(zimm != 0) writeSpace4(traits::CSR, csr, res & ~ ((uint32_t)zimm)); 
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 51);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 52: MUL */
    compile_ret_t __mul(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 52);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "mul"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	if(rd !=  0) {
        		int64_t res = (int64_t)*(X+rs1) * (int64_t)*(X+rs2);
        		*(X+rd) = (uint32_t)res;
        	}
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 52);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 53: MULH */
    compile_ret_t __mulh(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 53);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "mulh"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	if(rd !=  0) {
        		int64_t res = (int64_t)*(X+rs1) * (int64_t)*(X+rs2);
        		*(X+rd) = (uint32_t)(res >> traits::XLEN);
        	}
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 53);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 54: MULHSU */
    compile_ret_t __mulhsu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 54);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "mulhsu"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	if(rd !=  0) {
        		int64_t res = (int64_t)*(X+rs1) * (uint64_t)*(X+rs2);
        		*(X+rd) = (uint32_t)res;
        	}
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 54);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 55: MULHU */
    compile_ret_t __mulhu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 55);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "mulhu"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	if(rd !=  0) {
        		uint64_t res = (uint64_t)*(X+rs1) * (uint64_t)*(X+rs2);
        		*(X+rd) = (uint32_t)res;
        	}
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 55);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 56: DIV */
    compile_ret_t __div(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 56);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "div"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	if(rd !=  0) {
        		if(*(X+rs2) != 0) {
        			uint32_t MMIN =  1 << (traits::XLEN - 1);
        			if(*(X+rs1) == MMIN && (int8_t)*(X+rs2) == - 1) *(X+rd) = MMIN; 
        			else *(X+rd) = (int8_t)*(X+rs1) / (int8_t)*(X+rs2);
        		}
        		else *(X+rd) = - 1;
        	}
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 56);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 57: DIVU */
    compile_ret_t __divu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 57);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "divu"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	if(rd !=  0) {
        		if(*(X+rs2) != 0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) / *(X+rs2); 
        		else *(X+rd) = - 1;
        	}
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 57);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 58: REM */
    compile_ret_t __rem(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 58);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "rem"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	if(rd !=  0) {
        		if(*(X+rs2) != 0) {
        			uint32_t MMIN =  1 << (traits::XLEN - 1);
        			if(*(X+rs1) == MMIN && *(X+rs2) == - 1) *(X+rd) =  0; 
        			else *(X+rd) = (int8_t)*(X+rs1) % (int8_t)*(X+rs2);
        		}
        		else *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1);
        	}
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 58);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 59: REMU */
    compile_ret_t __remu(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 59);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<15,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<20,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "remu"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	if(rd !=  0) {
        		if(*(X+rs2) != 0) *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1) % *(X+rs2); 
        		else *(X+rd) = *(X+rs1);
        	}
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 4;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 59);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 60: CADDI4SPN */
    compile_ret_t __caddi4spn(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 60);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<2,3>(instr)));
        uint16_t imm = ((bit_sub<5,1>(instr) << 3) | (bit_sub<6,1>(instr) << 2) | (bit_sub<7,4>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<11,2>(instr) << 4));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "caddi4spn"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	if(imm ==  0) raise(0,  2); 
        	*(X+(rd + 8)) = *(X+2) + imm;
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 60);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 61: CLW */
    compile_ret_t __clw(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 61);
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<2,3>(instr)));
        uint8_t uimm = ((bit_sub<5,1>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<6,1>(instr) << 2) | (bit_sub<10,3>(instr) << 3));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<7,3>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {uimm:#05x}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "clw"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(8+rd)), fmt::arg("uimm", uimm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(8+rs1)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	uint32_t offs = *(X+(rs1 + 8)) + uimm;
        	*(X+(rd + 8)) = (int32_t)readSpace4(traits::MEM, offs);
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 61);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 62: CSW */
    compile_ret_t __csw(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 62);
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<2,3>(instr)));
        uint8_t uimm = ((bit_sub<5,1>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<6,1>(instr) << 2) | (bit_sub<10,3>(instr) << 3));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<7,3>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs2}, {uimm:#05x}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "csw"),
                fmt::arg("rs2", name(8+rs2)), fmt::arg("uimm", uimm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(8+rs1)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	uint8_t offs = *(X+(rs1 + 8)) + uimm;
        	writeSpace4(traits::MEM, offs, *(X+(rs2 + 8)));
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 62);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 63: CADDI */
    compile_ret_t __caddi(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 63);
        int8_t imm = signextend<int8_t,6>((bit_sub<2,5>(instr)) | (bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 5));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "caddi"),
                fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        *(X+rs1) = (int8_t)*(X+rs1) + imm;
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 63);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 64: CNOP */
    compile_ret_t __cnop(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 64);
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, "cnop");
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 64);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 65: CJAL */
    compile_ret_t __cjal(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 65);
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,12>((bit_sub<2,1>(instr) << 5) | (bit_sub<3,3>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<6,1>(instr) << 7) | (bit_sub<7,1>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<8,1>(instr) << 10) | (bit_sub<9,2>(instr) << 8) | (bit_sub<11,1>(instr) << 4) | (bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 11));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "cjal"),
                fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	*(X+1) = *PC + 2;
        	*PC = (int8_t)*PC + imm;
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::PC);
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 65);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 66: CLI */
    compile_ret_t __cli(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 66);
        int8_t imm = signextend<int8_t,6>((bit_sub<2,5>(instr)) | (bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 5));
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "cli"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	if(rd ==  0) raise(0,  2); 
        	*(X+rd) = imm;
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 66);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 67: CLUI */
    compile_ret_t __clui(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 67);
        int32_t imm = signextend<int32_t,18>((bit_sub<2,5>(instr) << 12) | (bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 17));
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "clui"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	if(rd ==  0) raise(0,  2); 
        	if(imm ==  0) raise(0,  2); 
        	*(X+rd) = imm;
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 67);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 68: CADDI16SP */
    compile_ret_t __caddi16sp(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 68);
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,10>((bit_sub<2,1>(instr) << 5) | (bit_sub<3,2>(instr) << 7) | (bit_sub<5,1>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<6,1>(instr) << 4) | (bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 9));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "caddi16sp"),
                fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        *(X+2) = (int8_t)*(X+2) + imm;
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 68);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 69: CSRLI */
    compile_ret_t __csrli(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 69);
        uint8_t shamt = ((bit_sub<2,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<7,3>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {shamt}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "csrli"),
                fmt::arg("rs1", name(8+rs1)), fmt::arg("shamt", shamt));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	uint8_t rs1_idx = rs1 + 8;
        	*(X+rs1_idx) = *(X+rs1_idx) << shamt;
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 69);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 70: CSRAI */
    compile_ret_t __csrai(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 70);
        uint8_t shamt = ((bit_sub<2,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<7,3>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {shamt}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "csrai"),
                fmt::arg("rs1", name(8+rs1)), fmt::arg("shamt", shamt));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	uint8_t rs1_idx = rs1 + 8;
        	*(X+rs1_idx) = ((int8_t)*(X+rs1_idx)) >> shamt;
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 70);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 71: CANDI */
    compile_ret_t __candi(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 71);
        int8_t imm = signextend<int8_t,6>((bit_sub<2,5>(instr)) | (bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 5));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<7,3>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "candi"),
                fmt::arg("rs1", name(8+rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	uint8_t rs1_idx = rs1 +  8;
        	*(X+rs1_idx) = *(X+rs1_idx) & imm;
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 71);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 72: CSUB */
    compile_ret_t __csub(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 72);
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<2,3>(instr)));
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,3>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "csub"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(8+rd)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(8+rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	uint8_t rd_idx = rd +  8;
        	*(X+rd_idx) = *(X+rd_idx) - *(X+(rs2 +  8));
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 72);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 73: CXOR */
    compile_ret_t __cxor(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 73);
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<2,3>(instr)));
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,3>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "cxor"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(8+rd)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(8+rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	uint8_t rd_idx = rd +  8;
        	*(X+rd_idx) = *(X+rd_idx) ^ *(X+(rs2 +  8));
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 73);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 74: COR */
    compile_ret_t __cor(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 74);
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<2,3>(instr)));
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,3>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "cor"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(8+rd)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(8+rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	uint8_t rd_idx = rd +  8;
        	*(X+rd_idx) = *(X+rd_idx) | *(X+(rs2 +  8));
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 74);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 75: CAND */
    compile_ret_t __cand(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 75);
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<2,3>(instr)));
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,3>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "cand"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(8+rd)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(8+rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	uint8_t rd_idx = rd +  8;
        	*(X+rd_idx) = *(X+rd_idx) & *(X+(rs2 +  8));
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 75);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 76: CJ */
    compile_ret_t __cj(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 76);
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,12>((bit_sub<2,1>(instr) << 5) | (bit_sub<3,3>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<6,1>(instr) << 7) | (bit_sub<7,1>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<8,1>(instr) << 10) | (bit_sub<9,2>(instr) << 8) | (bit_sub<11,1>(instr) << 4) | (bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 11));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "cj"),
                fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        *PC = (int8_t)*PC + imm;
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::PC);
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 76);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 77: CBEQZ */
    compile_ret_t __cbeqz(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 77);
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,9>((bit_sub<2,1>(instr) << 5) | (bit_sub<3,2>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<5,2>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<10,2>(instr) << 3) | (bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 8));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<7,3>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "cbeqz"),
                fmt::arg("rs1", name(8+rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(*(X+(rs1 + 8)) == 0) *PC = (int8_t)*PC + imm; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::PC);
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 77);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 78: CBNEZ */
    compile_ret_t __cbnez(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 78);
        int16_t imm = signextend<int16_t,9>((bit_sub<2,1>(instr) << 5) | (bit_sub<3,2>(instr) << 1) | (bit_sub<5,2>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<10,2>(instr) << 3) | (bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 8));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<7,3>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "cbnez"),
                fmt::arg("rs1", name(8+rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        if(*(X+(rs1 + 8)) != 0) *PC = (int8_t)*PC + imm; 
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::PC);
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 78);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 79: CSLLI */
    compile_ret_t __cslli(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 79);
        uint8_t shamt = ((bit_sub<2,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {shamt}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "cslli"),
                fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("shamt", shamt));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	if(rs1 ==  0) raise(0,  2); 
        	*(X+rs1) = *(X+rs1) << shamt;
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 79);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 80: CLWSP */
    compile_ret_t __clwsp(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 80);
        uint8_t uimm = ((bit_sub<2,2>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<4,3>(instr) << 2) | (bit_sub<12,1>(instr) << 5));
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, sp, {uimm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "clwsp"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("uimm", uimm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	uint8_t offs = *(X+2) + uimm;
        	*(X+rd) = (int32_t)readSpace4(traits::MEM, offs);
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 80);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 81: CMV */
    compile_ret_t __cmv(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 81);
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<2,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "cmv"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        *(X+rd) = *(X+rs2);
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 81);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 82: CJR */
    compile_ret_t __cjr(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 82);
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "cjr"),
                fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        *PC = *(X+rs1);
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::PC);
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 82);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 83: CADD */
    compile_ret_t __cadd(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 83);
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<2,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t rd = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "cadd"),
                fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        *(X+rd) = *(X+rd) + *(X+rs2);
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 83);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 84: CJALR */
    compile_ret_t __cjalr(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 84);
        uint8_t rs1 = ((bit_sub<7,5>(instr)));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "cjalr"),
                fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	*(X+1) = *PC + 2;
        	*PC = *(X+rs1);
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::PC);
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 84);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 85: CEBREAK */
    compile_ret_t __cebreak(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 85);
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, "cebreak");
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        raise(0,  3);
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 85);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 86: CSWSP */
    compile_ret_t __cswsp(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 86);
        uint8_t rs2 = ((bit_sub<2,5>(instr)));
        uint8_t uimm = ((bit_sub<7,2>(instr) << 6) | (bit_sub<9,4>(instr) << 2));
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                "{mnemonic:10} {rs2}, {uimm:#05x}(sp)", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "cswsp"),
                fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("uimm", uimm));
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        {
        	uint8_t offs = *(X+2) + uimm;
        	writeSpace4(traits::MEM, offs, (uint32_t)*(X+rs2));
        }
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 86);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /* instruction 87: DII */
    compile_ret_t __dii(virt_addr_t& pc, code_word_t instr){
        // pre execution stuff
        this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, 87);
        if(this->disass_enabled){
            /* generate console output when executing the command */
            this->core.disass_output(pc.val, "dii");
            
        }
        // prepare execution
        uint32_t* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
        uint32_t* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
        // execute instruction
        raise(0,  2);
        // post execution stuff
        super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC) = pc.val + 2;
        if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, 87);
        auto& trap_state = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE);
        // trap check
        if(trap_state!=0){
            auto& last_br = super::template get_reg<uint32_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::LAST_BRANCH);
            last_br = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
            super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val);
        }
        pc.val=super::template get_reg<reg_t>(arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC);
        return pc;
    }
    
    /****************************************************************************
     * end opcode definitions
     ****************************************************************************/
    compile_ret_t illegal_intruction(virt_addr_t &pc, code_word_t instr) {
        pc = pc + ((instr & 3) == 3 ? 4 : 2);
        return pc;
    }
};

template <typename CODE_WORD> void debug_fn(CODE_WORD insn) {
    volatile CODE_WORD x = insn;
    insn = 2 * x;
}

template <typename ARCH> vm_impl<ARCH>::vm_impl() { this(new ARCH()); }

template <typename ARCH>
vm_impl<ARCH>::vm_impl(ARCH &core, unsigned core_id, unsigned cluster_id)
: vm_base<ARCH>(core, core_id, cluster_id) {
    qlut[0] = lut_00.data();
    qlut[1] = lut_01.data();
    qlut[2] = lut_10.data();
    qlut[3] = lut_11.data();
    for (auto instr : instr_descr) {
        auto quantrant = instr.value & 0x3;
        expand_bit_mask(29, lutmasks[quantrant], instr.value >> 2, instr.mask >> 2, 0, qlut[quantrant], instr.op);
    }
}

template <typename ARCH>
typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(virt_addr_t start, std::function<bool(void)> pred) {
    // we fetch at max 4 byte, alignment is 2
    enum {TRAP_ID=1<<16};
    const typename traits::addr_t upper_bits = ~traits::PGMASK;
    code_word_t insn = 0;
    auto *const data = (uint8_t *)&insn;
    auto pc=start;
    while(pred){
        auto paddr = this->core.v2p(pc);
        if ((pc.val & upper_bits) != ((pc.val + 2) & upper_bits)) { // we may cross a page boundary
            if (this->core.read(paddr, 2, data) != iss::Ok) throw trap_access(TRAP_ID, pc.val);
            if ((insn & 0x3) == 0x3) // this is a 32bit instruction
                if (this->core.read(this->core.v2p(pc + 2), 2, data + 2) != iss::Ok) throw trap_access(TRAP_ID, pc.val);
        } else {
            if (this->core.read(paddr, 4, data) != iss::Ok) throw trap_access(TRAP_ID, pc.val);
        }
        if (insn == 0x0000006f || (insn&0xffff)==0xa001) throw simulation_stopped(0); // 'J 0' or 'C.J 0'
        auto lut_val = extract_fields(insn);
        auto f = qlut[insn & 0x3][lut_val];
        if (!f)
            f = &this_class::illegal_intruction;
        pc = (this->*f)(pc, insn);
    }
    return pc;
}

} // namespace mnrv32

template <>
std::unique_ptr<vm_if> create<arch::tgf_c>(arch::tgf_c *core, unsigned short port, bool dump) {
    auto ret = new tgf_c::vm_impl<arch::tgf_c>(*core, dump);
    if (port != 0) debugger::server<debugger::gdb_session>::run_server(ret, port);
    return std::unique_ptr<vm_if>(ret);
}
} // namespace interp
} // namespace iss