diff --git a/src/vm/interp/vm_tgc5c.cpp b/src/vm/interp/vm_tgc5c.cpp
index dee3a67..a27706e 100644
--- a/src/vm/interp/vm_tgc5c.cpp
+++ b/src/vm/interp/vm_tgc5c.cpp
@@ -38,10 +38,13 @@
 #include <iss/iss.h>
 #include <iss/interp/vm_base.h>
 
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <unordered_map>
 #include <util/logging.h>
 #include <boost/coroutine2/all.hpp>
 #include <functional>
 #include <exception>
+#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <iss/instruction_decoder.h>
@@ -255,6 +258,11 @@ private:
             return iss::Err;
         return iss::Ok;
     }
+
+    struct translation_buffer {
+        std::vector<std::tuple<opcode_e, uint64_t, uint32_t>> entries;
+    } tb;
+    std::unordered_map<uint64_t, translation_buffer> tb_lut;
 };
 
 template <typename CODE_WORD> void debug_fn(CODE_WORD insn) {
@@ -312,27 +320,8 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
     auto& instr =  this->core.reg.instruction;
     // we fetch at max 4 byte, alignment is 2
     auto *const data = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&instr);
-
-    while(!this->core.should_stop() &&
-            !(is_icount_limit_enabled(cond) && icount >= count_limit) &&
-            !(is_fcount_limit_enabled(cond) && fetch_count >= count_limit)){
-        if(this->debugging_enabled())
-            this->tgt_adapter->check_continue(*PC);
-        pc.val=*PC;
-        if(fetch_ins(pc, data)!=iss::Ok){
-            if(this->sync_exec && PRE_SYNC) this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max());
-            process_spawn_blocks();
-            if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max());
-            pc.val = super::core.enter_trap(arch::traits<ARCH>::RV_CAUSE_FETCH_ACCESS<<16, pc.val, 0);
-        } else {
-            if (is_jump_to_self_enabled(cond) &&
-                    (instr == 0x0000006f || (instr&0xffff)==0xa001)) throw simulation_stopped(0); // 'J 0' or 'C.J 0'
-            uint32_t inst_index = instr_decoder.decode_instr(instr);
-            opcode_e inst_id = arch::traits<ARCH>::opcode_e::MAX_OPCODE;;
-            if(inst_index <instr_descr.size())
-                inst_id = instr_descr[inst_index].op;
-
-            // pre execution stuff
+    auto exec = [this, PC, NEXT_PC](opcode_e inst_id, uint64_t pc, uint32_t instr) {
+                // pre execution stuff
             this->core.reg.last_branch = 0;
             if(this->sync_exec && PRE_SYNC) this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, static_cast<unsigned>(inst_id));
             try{
@@ -345,7 +334,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "lui"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -372,7 +361,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm:#08x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "auipc"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -399,7 +388,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "jal"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -436,7 +425,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {imm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "jalr"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -474,7 +463,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {rs2}, {imm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "beq"),
                             fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -510,7 +499,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {rs2}, {imm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "bne"),
                             fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -546,7 +535,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {rs2}, {imm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "blt"),
                             fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -582,7 +571,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {rs2}, {imm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "bge"),
                             fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -618,7 +607,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {rs2}, {imm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "bltu"),
                             fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -654,7 +643,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {rs2}, {imm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "bgeu"),
                             fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -690,7 +679,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "lb"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -722,7 +711,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "lh"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -754,7 +743,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "lw"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -786,7 +775,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "lbu"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -818,7 +807,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "lhu"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -850,7 +839,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs2}, {imm}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "sb"),
                             fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -878,7 +867,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs2}, {imm}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "sh"),
                             fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -906,7 +895,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs2}, {imm}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "sw"),
                             fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("imm", imm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -934,7 +923,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {imm}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "addi"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -962,7 +951,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {imm}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "slti"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -990,7 +979,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {imm}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "sltiu"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1018,7 +1007,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {imm}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "xori"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1046,7 +1035,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {imm}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "ori"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1074,7 +1063,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {imm}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "andi"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1102,7 +1091,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {shamt}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "slli"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("shamt", shamt));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1130,7 +1119,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {shamt}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "srli"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("shamt", shamt));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1158,7 +1147,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {shamt}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "srai"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("shamt", shamt));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1186,7 +1175,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "add"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1214,7 +1203,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "sub"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1242,7 +1231,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "sll"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1270,7 +1259,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "slt"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1298,7 +1287,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "sltu"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1326,7 +1315,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "xor"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1354,7 +1343,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "srl"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1382,7 +1371,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "sra"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1410,7 +1399,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "or"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1438,7 +1427,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "and"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1468,7 +1457,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {pred}, {succ} ({fm} , {rs1}, {rd})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "fence"),
                             fmt::arg("pred", pred), fmt::arg("succ", succ), fmt::arg("fm", fm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     // calculate next pc value
@@ -1485,7 +1474,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         /* generate console output when executing the command */
                         //No disass specified, using instruction name
                         std::string mnemonic = "ecall";
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     // calculate next pc value
@@ -1501,7 +1490,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         /* generate console output when executing the command */
                         //No disass specified, using instruction name
                         std::string mnemonic = "ebreak";
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     // calculate next pc value
@@ -1517,7 +1506,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         /* generate console output when executing the command */
                         //No disass specified, using instruction name
                         std::string mnemonic = "mret";
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     // calculate next pc value
@@ -1533,7 +1522,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         /* generate console output when executing the command */
                         //No disass specified, using instruction name
                         std::string mnemonic = "wfi";
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     // calculate next pc value
@@ -1553,7 +1542,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {csr}, {rs1}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "csrrw"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("csr", csr), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1591,7 +1580,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {csr}, {rs1}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "csrrs"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("csr", csr), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1627,7 +1616,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {csr}, {rs1}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "csrrc"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("csr", csr), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1663,7 +1652,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {csr}, {zimm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "csrrwi"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("csr", csr), fmt::arg("zimm", zimm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1696,7 +1685,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {csr}, {zimm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "csrrsi"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("csr", csr), fmt::arg("zimm", zimm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1731,7 +1720,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {csr}, {zimm:#0x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "csrrci"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("csr", csr), fmt::arg("zimm", zimm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1766,7 +1755,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {rd}, {imm}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "fence_i"),
                             fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     // calculate next pc value
@@ -1787,7 +1776,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "mul"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1816,7 +1805,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "mulh"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1845,7 +1834,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "mulhsu"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1874,7 +1863,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "mulhu"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1903,7 +1892,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "div"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1944,7 +1933,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "divu"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -1979,7 +1968,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "rem"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2022,7 +2011,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs1}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "remu"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2056,7 +2045,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.addi4spn"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(8+rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2082,7 +2071,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {uimm:#05x}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.lw"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(8+rd)), fmt::arg("uimm", uimm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(8+rs1)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2106,7 +2095,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs2}, {uimm:#05x}({rs1})", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.sw"),
                             fmt::arg("rs2", name(8+rs2)), fmt::arg("uimm", uimm), fmt::arg("rs1", name(8+rs1)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2128,7 +2117,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.addi"),
                             fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2153,7 +2142,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         /* generate console output when executing the command */
                         //No disass specified, using instruction name
                         std::string mnemonic = "c.nop";
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     // calculate next pc value
@@ -2170,7 +2159,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.jal"),
                             fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2192,7 +2181,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.li"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2219,7 +2208,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.lui"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2243,7 +2232,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {nzimm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.addi16sp"),
                             fmt::arg("nzimm", nzimm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2266,7 +2255,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         /* generate console output when executing the command */
                         //No disass specified, using instruction name
                         std::string mnemonic = ".reserved_clui";
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     // calculate next pc value
@@ -2285,7 +2274,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {shamt}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.srli"),
                             fmt::arg("rs1", name(8+rs1)), fmt::arg("shamt", shamt));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2305,7 +2294,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {shamt}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.srai"),
                             fmt::arg("rs1", name(8+rs1)), fmt::arg("shamt", shamt));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2332,7 +2321,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.andi"),
                             fmt::arg("rs1", name(8+rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2352,7 +2341,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.sub"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(8+rd)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(8+rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2372,7 +2361,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.xor"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(8+rd)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(8+rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2392,7 +2381,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.or"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(8+rd)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(8+rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2412,7 +2401,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.and"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(8+rd)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(8+rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2431,7 +2420,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.j"),
                             fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     // calculate next pc value
@@ -2451,7 +2440,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.beqz"),
                             fmt::arg("rs1", name(8+rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2474,7 +2463,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {imm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.bnez"),
                             fmt::arg("rs1", name(8+rs1)), fmt::arg("imm", imm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2497,7 +2486,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}, {nzuimm}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.slli"),
                             fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)), fmt::arg("nzuimm", nzuimm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2524,7 +2513,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, sp, {uimm:#05x}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.lwsp"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("uimm", uimm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2552,7 +2541,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.mv"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2578,7 +2567,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.jr"),
                             fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2602,7 +2591,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         /* generate console output when executing the command */
                         //No disass specified, using instruction name
                         std::string mnemonic = ".reserved_cmv";
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     // calculate next pc value
@@ -2621,7 +2610,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rd}, {rs2}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.add"),
                             fmt::arg("rd", name(rd)), fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2647,7 +2636,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs1}", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.jalr"),
                             fmt::arg("rs1", name(rs1)));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2673,7 +2662,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         /* generate console output when executing the command */
                         //No disass specified, using instruction name
                         std::string mnemonic = "c.ebreak";
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     // calculate next pc value
@@ -2692,7 +2681,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         auto mnemonic = fmt::format(
                             "{mnemonic:10} {rs2}, {uimm:#05x}(sp)", fmt::arg("mnemonic", "c.swsp"),
                             fmt::arg("rs2", name(rs2)), fmt::arg("uimm", uimm));
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     auto* X = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::X0]);
@@ -2716,7 +2705,7 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
                         /* generate console output when executing the command */
                         //No disass specified, using instruction name
                         std::string mnemonic = "dii";
-                        this->core.disass_output(pc.val, mnemonic);
+                        this->core.disass_output(pc, mnemonic);
                     }
                     // used registers
                     // calculate next pc value
@@ -2739,16 +2728,54 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
             // if(!this->core.reg.trap_state) // update trap state if there is a pending interrupt
             //    this->core.reg.trap_state =  this->core.reg.pending_trap;
             // trap check
-            if(trap_state!=0){
+            if(this->core.reg.trap_state!=0){
                 //In case of Instruction address misaligned (cause = 0 and trapid = 0) need the targeted addr (in tval)
-                auto mcause = (trap_state>>16) & 0xff; 
-                super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val, mcause ? instr:tval);
+                auto mcause = (this->core.reg.trap_state>>16) & 0xff; 
+                super::core.enter_trap(this->core.reg.trap_state, pc, mcause ? instr:tval);
             } else {
-                icount++;
-                instret++;
+                this->core.reg.icount++;
+                this->core.reg.instret++;
             }
             *PC = *NEXT_PC;
             this->core.reg.trap_state =  this->core.reg.pending_trap;
+
+    };
+    while(!this->core.should_stop() &&
+            !(is_icount_limit_enabled(cond) && icount >= count_limit) &&
+            !(is_fcount_limit_enabled(cond) && fetch_count >= count_limit)){
+        if(this->debugging_enabled())
+            this->tgt_adapter->check_continue(*PC);
+        pc.val=*PC;
+        auto current_tb = tb_lut.find(pc.val);
+        if(current_tb==tb_lut.end()) {
+            auto res = tb_lut.insert(std::make_pair(pc.val,translation_buffer{}));
+            if(!res.second)
+                throw std::runtime_error("");
+            current_tb=res.first;
+            do {
+                if(fetch_ins(pc, data)!=iss::Ok){
+                    if(this->sync_exec && PRE_SYNC) this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max());
+                    process_spawn_blocks();
+                    if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(PRE_SYNC, std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max());
+                    pc.val = super::core.enter_trap(arch::traits<ARCH>::RV_CAUSE_FETCH_ACCESS<<16, pc.val, 0);
+                    break;
+                } else {
+                    if (is_jump_to_self_enabled(cond) &&
+                            (instr == 0x0000006f || (instr&0xffff)==0xa001)) throw simulation_stopped(0); // 'J 0' or 'C.J 0'
+                    uint32_t inst_index = instr_decoder.decode_instr(instr);
+                    opcode_e inst_id = arch::traits<ARCH>::opcode_e::MAX_OPCODE;;
+                    if(inst_index <instr_descr.size())
+                        inst_id = instr_descr[inst_index].op;
+                    if(is_jump_to_self_enabled(cond) &&
+                        inst_id==arch::traits<ARCH>::opcode_e::JAL && !bit_sub<7, 25>(instr) ||
+                        inst_id == arch::traits<ARCH>::opcode_e::C__J && !bit_sub<2, 11>(instr))
+                        throw simulation_stopped(0);
+                    exec(inst_id, pc.val, instr);
+                }
+            } while(this->core.reg.last_branch==0);
+        } else {
+            for(auto& e:current_tb->second.entries)
+                exec(std::get<0>(e), std::get<1>(e), std::get<2>(e));
         }
         fetch_count++;
         cycle++;