diff --git a/gen_input/templates/CORENAME.cpp.gtl b/gen_input/templates/CORENAME.cpp.gtl
index ead228a..eae0aa7 100644
--- a/gen_input/templates/CORENAME.cpp.gtl
+++ b/gen_input/templates/CORENAME.cpp.gtl
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 def getRegisterSizes(){
 	def regs = registers.collect{it.size}
 	regs[-1]=64 // correct for NEXT_PC
-	regs+=[32, 32, 64, 64, 64, 32] // append TRAP_STATE, PENDING_TRAP, ICOUNT, CYCLE, INSTRET, INSTRUCTION
+	//regs+=[32, 32, 64, 64, 64, 32] // append TRAP_STATE, PENDING_TRAP, ICOUNT, CYCLE, INSTRET, INSTRUCTION
     return regs
 }
 %>
@@ -51,9 +51,7 @@ constexpr std::array<const char*, ${registers.size}>    iss::arch::traits<iss::a
 constexpr std::array<const uint32_t, ${getRegisterSizes().size}> iss::arch::traits<iss::arch::${coreDef.name.toLowerCase()}>::reg_bit_widths;
 constexpr std::array<const uint32_t, ${getRegisterSizes().size}> iss::arch::traits<iss::arch::${coreDef.name.toLowerCase()}>::reg_byte_offsets;
 
-${coreDef.name.toLowerCase()}::${coreDef.name.toLowerCase()}() {
-    reg.icount = 0;
-}
+${coreDef.name.toLowerCase()}::${coreDef.name.toLowerCase()}()  = default;
 
 ${coreDef.name.toLowerCase()}::~${coreDef.name.toLowerCase()}() = default;
 
@@ -64,8 +62,8 @@ void ${coreDef.name.toLowerCase()}::reset(uint64_t address) {
     reg.PC=address;
     reg.NEXT_PC=reg.PC;
     reg.PRIV=0x3;
-    reg.trap_state=0;
-    reg.icount=0;
+    trap_state=0;
+    icount=0;
 }
 
 uint8_t *${coreDef.name.toLowerCase()}::get_regs_base_ptr() {
diff --git a/gen_input/templates/CORENAME.h.gtl b/gen_input/templates/CORENAME.h.gtl
index c114cec..4497ba3 100644
--- a/gen_input/templates/CORENAME.h.gtl
+++ b/gen_input/templates/CORENAME.h.gtl
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def nativeTypeSize(int size){
 }
 def getRegisterSizes(){
     def regs = registers.collect{nativeTypeSize(it.size)}
-    regs+=[32,32, 64, 64, 64, 32] // append TRAP_STATE, PENDING_TRAP, ICOUNT, CYCLE, INSTRET, INSTRUCTION
+    // regs+=[32,32, 64, 64, 64, 32] // append TRAP_STATE, PENDING_TRAP, ICOUNT, CYCLE, INSTRET, INSTRUCTION
     return regs
 }
 def getRegisterOffsets(){
@@ -91,13 +91,7 @@ template <> struct traits<${coreDef.name.toLowerCase()}> {
     constexpr static unsigned FP_REGS_SIZE = ${constants.find {it.name=='FLEN'}?.value?:0};
 
     enum reg_e {
-        ${registers.collect{it.name}.join(', ')}, NUM_REGS,
-        TRAP_STATE=NUM_REGS,
-        PENDING_TRAP,
-        ICOUNT,
-        CYCLE,
-        INSTRET,
-        INSTRUCTION
+        ${registers.collect{it.name}.join(', ')}, NUM_REGS
     };
 
     using reg_t = uint${addrDataWidth}_t;
@@ -142,7 +136,7 @@ struct ${coreDef.name.toLowerCase()}: public arch_if {
 
     uint8_t* get_regs_base_ptr() override;
 
-    inline uint64_t get_icount() { return reg.icount; }
+    inline uint64_t get_icount() { return icount; }
 
     inline bool should_stop() { return interrupt_sim; }
 
@@ -160,7 +154,7 @@ struct ${coreDef.name.toLowerCase()}: public arch_if {
 
     virtual iss::sync_type needed_sync() const { return iss::NO_SYNC; }
 
-    inline uint32_t get_last_branch() { return reg.last_branch; }
+    inline uint32_t get_last_branch() { return last_branch; }
 
 
 #pragma pack(push, 1)
@@ -168,12 +162,13 @@ struct ${coreDef.name.toLowerCase()}: public arch_if {
         registers.each { reg -> if(reg.size>0) {%> 
         uint${byteSize(reg.size)}_t ${reg.name} = 0;<%
         }}%>
-        uint32_t trap_state = 0, pending_trap = 0;
-        uint64_t icount = 0;
-        uint64_t instret = 0;
-        uint32_t instruction = 0; 
-        uint32_t last_branch;
     } reg;
+    uint32_t trap_state = 0, pending_trap = 0;
+    uint64_t icount = 0;
+    uint64_t cycle = 0;
+    uint64_t instret = 0;
+    uint32_t instruction = 0;
+    uint32_t last_branch = 0;
 #pragma pack(pop)
     std::array<address_type, 4> addr_mode;
     
diff --git a/gen_input/templates/interp/CORENAME.cpp.gtl b/gen_input/templates/interp/CORENAME.cpp.gtl
index 9883e16..76449f6 100644
--- a/gen_input/templates/interp/CORENAME.cpp.gtl
+++ b/gen_input/templates/interp/CORENAME.cpp.gtl
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ protected:
 
     inline void raise(uint16_t trap_id, uint16_t cause){
         auto trap_val =  0x80ULL << 24 | (cause << 16) | trap_id;
-        this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE) = trap_val;
+        this->core.trap_state = trap_val;
         this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::NEXT_PC) = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
     }
 
@@ -141,39 +141,39 @@ protected:
     T& pc_assign(T& val){super::ex_info.branch_taken=true; return val;}
     inline uint8_t readSpace1(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr){
         auto ret = super::template read_mem<uint8_t>(space, addr);
-        if(this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE)) throw 0;
+        if(this->core.trap_state) throw 0;
         return ret;
     }
     inline uint16_t readSpace2(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr){
         auto ret = super::template read_mem<uint16_t>(space, addr);
-        if(this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE)) throw 0;
+        if(this->core.trap_state) throw 0;
         return ret;
     }
     inline uint32_t readSpace4(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr){
         auto ret = super::template read_mem<uint32_t>(space, addr);
-        if(this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE)) throw 0;
+        if(this->core.trap_state) throw 0;
         return ret;
     }
     inline uint64_t readSpace8(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr){
         auto ret = super::template read_mem<uint64_t>(space, addr);
-        if(this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE)) throw 0;
+        if(this->core.trap_state) throw 0;
         return ret;
     }
     inline void writeSpace1(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr, uint8_t data){
         super::write_mem(space, addr, data);
-        if(this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE)) throw 0;
+        if(this->core.trap_state) throw 0;
     }
     inline void writeSpace2(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr, uint16_t data){
         super::write_mem(space, addr, data);
-        if(this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE)) throw 0;
+        if(this->core.trap_state) throw 0;
     }
     inline void writeSpace4(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr, uint32_t data){
         super::write_mem(space, addr, data);
-        if(this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE)) throw 0;
+        if(this->core.trap_state) throw 0;
     }
     inline void writeSpace8(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr, uint64_t data){
         super::write_mem(space, addr, data);
-        if(this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE)) throw 0;
+        if(this->core.trap_state) throw 0;
     }
     template<unsigned W, typename U, typename S = typename std::make_signed<U>::type>
     inline S sext(U from) {
@@ -278,16 +278,15 @@ typename arch::traits<ARCH>::opcode_e vm_impl<ARCH>::decode_inst_id(code_word_t
 template <typename ARCH>
 typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e cond, virt_addr_t start, uint64_t icount_limit){
     auto pc=start;
-
     auto* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
     auto* NEXT_PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC]);
-    auto* trap_state = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE]);
-    auto* icount = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT]);
-    auto* instret = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::INSTRET]);
-    auto *const instruction = reinterpret_cast<code_word_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::INSTRUCTION]);
+    auto& trap_state = this->core.trap_state;
+    auto& icount = this->core.icount;
+    auto& cycle = this->core.cycle;
+    auto& instret = this->core.instret;
+    auto& instr = this->core.instruction;
     // we fetch at max 4 byte, alignment is 2
-    auto *const data = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(instruction);
-    auto& instr = *instruction;
+    auto *const data = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&instr);
 
     while(!this->core.should_stop() &&
             !(is_count_limit_enabled(cond) && this->core.get_icount() >= icount_limit)){
@@ -329,16 +328,16 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
             process_spawn_blocks();
             if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, static_cast<unsigned>(inst_id));
             // trap check
-            if(*trap_state!=0){
-                super::core.enter_trap(*trap_state, pc.val, instr);
+            if(trap_state!=0){
+                super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val, instr);
             } else {
-                (*icount)++;
-                (*instret)++;
+                icount++;
+                instret++;
             }
-            (*reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::CYCLE]))++;
+            cycle++;
             pc.val=*NEXT_PC;
             this->core.reg.PC = this->core.reg.NEXT_PC;
-            this->core.reg.trap_state = this->core.reg.pending_trap;
+            this->core.trap_state = this->core.pending_trap;
         }
     }
     return pc;
diff --git a/incl/iss/arch/riscv_hart_m_p.h b/incl/iss/arch/riscv_hart_m_p.h
index 7a798bf..52bf1ad 100644
--- a/incl/iss/arch/riscv_hart_m_p.h
+++ b/incl/iss/arch/riscv_hart_m_p.h
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ public:
 
     void disass_output(uint64_t pc, const std::string instr) override {
         CLOG(INFO, disass) << fmt::format("0x{:016x}    {:40} [s:0x{:x};c:{}]",
-                pc, instr, (reg_t)state.mstatus, this->reg.icount + cycle_offset);
+                pc, instr, (reg_t)state.mstatus, this->icount + cycle_offset);
     };
 
     iss::instrumentation_if *get_instrumentation_if() override { return &instr_if; }
@@ -239,11 +239,11 @@ protected:
 
         uint64_t get_next_pc() override { return arch.reg.NEXT_PC; };
 
-        uint64_t get_instr_word() override { return arch.reg.instruction; }
+        uint64_t get_instr_word() override { return arch.instruction; }
 
-        uint64_t get_instr_count() { return arch.reg.icount; }
+        uint64_t get_instr_count() { return arch.icount; }
 
-        uint64_t get_total_cycles() override { return arch.reg.icount + arch.cycle_offset; }
+        uint64_t get_total_cycles() override { return arch.icount + arch.cycle_offset; }
 
         void set_curr_instr_cycles(unsigned cycles) override { arch.cycle_offset += cycles - 1; };
 
@@ -568,13 +568,13 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE, FEAT>::read(const address_type type, const acce
             if (unlikely((access == iss::access_type::FETCH || access == iss::access_type::DEBUG_FETCH) && (addr & 0x1) == 1)) {
                 fault_data = addr;
                 if (access && iss::access_type::DEBUG) throw trap_access(0, addr);
-                this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31); // issue trap 0
+                this->trap_state = (1 << 31); // issue trap 0
                 return iss::Err;
             }
             try {
                 auto alignment = access == iss::access_type::FETCH? (traits<BASE>::MISA_VAL&0x100? 2 : 4) : length;
                 if(alignment>1 && (addr&(alignment-1))){
-                    this->reg.trap_state = 1<<31 | 4<<16;
+                    this->trap_state = 1<<31 | 4<<16;
                     fault_data=addr;
                     return iss::Err;
                 }
@@ -593,12 +593,12 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE, FEAT>::read(const address_type type, const acce
                     res = read_mem( phys_addr, length, data);
                 }
                 if (unlikely(res != iss::Ok)){
-                    this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | (5 << 16); // issue trap 5 (load access fault
+                    this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | (5 << 16); // issue trap 5 (load access fault
                     fault_data=addr;
                 }
                 return res;
             } catch (trap_access &ta) {
-                this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
+                this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
                 fault_data=ta.addr;
                 return iss::Err;
             }
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE, FEAT>::read(const address_type type, const acce
         }
         return iss::Ok;
     } catch (trap_access &ta) {
-        this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
+        this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
         fault_data=ta.addr;
         return iss::Err;
     }
@@ -662,12 +662,12 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE, FEAT>::write(const address_type type, const acc
             if (unlikely((access && iss::access_type::FETCH) && (addr & 0x1) == 1)) {
                 fault_data = addr;
                 if (access && iss::access_type::DEBUG) throw trap_access(0, addr);
-                this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31); // issue trap 0
+                this->trap_state = (1 << 31); // issue trap 0
                 return iss::Err;
             }
             try {
                 if(length>1 && (addr&(length-1)) && (access&access_type::DEBUG) != access_type::DEBUG){
-                    this->reg.trap_state = 1<<31 | 6<<16;
+                    this->trap_state = 1<<31 | 6<<16;
                     fault_data=addr;
                     return iss::Err;
                 }
@@ -686,12 +686,12 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE, FEAT>::write(const address_type type, const acc
                     res = write_mem( phys_addr, length, data);
                 }
                 if (unlikely(res != iss::Ok)) {
-                    this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | (7 << 16); // issue trap 7 (Store/AMO access fault)
+                    this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | (7 << 16); // issue trap 7 (Store/AMO access fault)
                     fault_data=addr;
                 }
                 return res;
             } catch (trap_access &ta) {
-                this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
+                this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
                 fault_data=ta.addr;
                 return iss::Err;
             }
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE, FEAT>::write(const address_type type, const acc
         }
         return iss::Ok;
     } catch (trap_access &ta) {
-        this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
+        this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
         fault_data=ta.addr;
         return iss::Err;
     }
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE, FEAT>
 }
 
 template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE, FEAT>::read_cycle(unsigned addr, reg_t &val) {
-    auto cycle_val = this->reg.icount + cycle_offset;
+    auto cycle_val = this->icount + cycle_offset;
     if (addr == mcycle) {
         val = static_cast<reg_t>(cycle_val);
     } else if (addr == mcycleh) {
@@ -819,16 +819,16 @@ template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE, FEAT>
             mcycle_csr = (static_cast<uint64_t>(val)<<32) + (mcycle_csr & 0xffffffff);
         }
     }
-    cycle_offset = mcycle_csr-this->reg.icount; // TODO: relying on wrap-around
+    cycle_offset = mcycle_csr-this->icount; // TODO: relying on wrap-around
     return iss::Ok;
 }
 
 template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE, FEAT>::read_instret(unsigned addr, reg_t &val) {
     if ((addr&0xff) == (minstret&0xff)) {
-        val = static_cast<reg_t>(this->reg.instret);
+        val = static_cast<reg_t>(this->instret);
     } else if ((addr&0xff) == (minstreth&0xff)) {
         if (sizeof(typename traits<BASE>::reg_t) != 4) return iss::Err;
-        val = static_cast<reg_t>(this->reg.instret >> 32);
+        val = static_cast<reg_t>(this->instret >> 32);
     }
     return iss::Ok;
 }
@@ -837,20 +837,20 @@ template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE, FEAT>
     if (sizeof(typename traits<BASE>::reg_t) != 4) {
         if ((addr&0xff) == (minstreth&0xff))
             return iss::Err;
-        this->reg.instret = static_cast<uint64_t>(val);
+        this->instret = static_cast<uint64_t>(val);
     } else {
         if ((addr&0xff) == (minstret&0xff)) {
-            this->reg.instret = (this->reg.instret & 0xffffffff00000000) + val;
+            this->instret = (this->instret & 0xffffffff00000000) + val;
         } else  {
-            this->reg.instret = (static_cast<uint64_t>(val)<<32) + (this->reg.instret & 0xffffffff);
+            this->instret = (static_cast<uint64_t>(val)<<32) + (this->instret & 0xffffffff);
         }
     }
-    this->reg.instret--;
+    this->instret--;
     return iss::Ok;
 }
 
 template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE, FEAT>::read_time(unsigned addr, reg_t &val) {
-    uint64_t time_val = this->reg.icount / (100000000 / 32768 - 1); //-> ~3052;
+    uint64_t time_val = this->icount / (100000000 / 32768 - 1); //-> ~3052;
     if (addr == time) {
         val = static_cast<reg_t>(time_val);
     } else if (addr == timeh) {
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE, FEAT>::read_mem(phys_addr_t paddr, unsigned len
         const mem_type::page_type &p = mem(paddr.val / mem.page_size);
         uint64_t offs = paddr.val & mem.page_addr_mask;
         std::copy(p.data() + offs, p.data() + offs + length, data);
-        if (this->reg.icount > 30000) data[3] |= 0x80;
+        if (this->icount > 30000) data[3] |= 0x80;
     } break;
     default: {
         for(auto offs=0U; offs<length; ++offs) {
@@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE, FEAT>::write_mem(phys_addr_t paddr, unsigned le
                             LOG(INFO) << "tohost value is 0x" << std::hex << hostvar << std::dec << " (" << hostvar
                                       << "), stopping simulation";
                         }
-                        this->reg.trap_state=std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
+                        this->trap_state=std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
                         this->interrupt_sim=hostvar;
                         break;
                         //throw(iss::simulation_stopped(hostvar));
@@ -1117,7 +1117,7 @@ template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> void riscv_hart_m_p<BASE, FEAT>::check
         	enabled_interrupts >>= 1;
         	res++;
         }
-        this->reg.pending_trap = res << 16 | 1; // 0x80 << 24 | (cause << 16) | trap_id
+        this->pending_trap = res << 16 | 1; // 0x80 << 24 | (cause << 16) | trap_id
     }
 }
 
@@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@ template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> uint64_t riscv_hart_m_p<BASE, FEAT>::e
         fault_data = 0;
     } else {
         csr[mepc] = this->reg.NEXT_PC & get_pc_mask(); // store next address if interrupt
-        this->reg.pending_trap = 0;
+        this->pending_trap = 0;
     }
     csr[mcause] = (trap_id << (traits<BASE>::XLEN-1)) + cause;
     // update mstatus
@@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> uint64_t riscv_hart_m_p<BASE, FEAT>::e
     if ((ivec & 0x1) == 1 && trap_id != 0) this->reg.NEXT_PC += 4 * cause;
     // reset trap state
     this->reg.PRIV = new_priv;
-    this->reg.trap_state = 0;
+    this->trap_state = 0;
     std::array<char, 32> buffer;
 #if defined(_MSC_VER)
     sprintf(buffer.data(), "0x%016llx", addr);
diff --git a/incl/iss/arch/riscv_hart_msu_vp.h b/incl/iss/arch/riscv_hart_msu_vp.h
index 607c952..e7c86e0 100644
--- a/incl/iss/arch/riscv_hart_msu_vp.h
+++ b/incl/iss/arch/riscv_hart_msu_vp.h
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ public:
 
     void disass_output(uint64_t pc, const std::string instr) override {
         CLOG(INFO, disass) << fmt::format("0x{:016x}    {:40} [p:{};s:0x{:x};c:{}]",
-                pc, instr, lvl[this->reg.PRIV], (reg_t)state.mstatus, this->reg.ccount + cycle_offset);
+                pc, instr, lvl[this->reg.PRIV], (reg_t)state.mstatus, this->icount + cycle_offset);
     };
 
     iss::instrumentation_if *get_instrumentation_if() override { return &instr_if; }
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::read(const address_type type, const access_
             if (unlikely((access == iss::access_type::FETCH || access == iss::access_type::DEBUG_FETCH) && (addr & 0x1) == 1)) {
                 fault_data = addr;
                 if (access && iss::access_type::DEBUG) throw trap_access(0, addr);
-                this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31); // issue trap 0
+                this->trap_state = (1 << 31); // issue trap 0
                 return iss::Err;
             }
             try {
@@ -629,12 +629,12 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::read(const address_type type, const access_
                         read_mem( BASE::v2p(phys_addr_t{access, space, addr}), length, data):
                         read_mem( BASE::v2p(iss::addr_t{access, type, space, addr}), length, data);
                 if (unlikely(res != iss::Ok)){
-                	this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | (5 << 16); // issue trap 5 (load access fault
+                	this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | (5 << 16); // issue trap 5 (load access fault
                     fault_data=addr;
                 }
                 return res;
             } catch (trap_access &ta) {
-                this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
+                this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
                 fault_data=ta.addr;
                 return iss::Err;
             }
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::read(const address_type type, const access_
             case 3: { // SFENCE:VMA upper
                 auto tvm = state.mstatus.TVM;
                 if (this->reg.PRIV == PRIV_S & tvm != 0) {
-                    this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | (2 << 16);
+                    this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | (2 << 16);
                     this->fault_data = this->reg.PC;
                     return iss::Err;
                 }
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::read(const address_type type, const access_
         }
         return iss::Ok;
     } catch (trap_access &ta) {
-        this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
+        this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
         fault_data=ta.addr;
         return iss::Err;
     }
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::write(const address_type type, const access
             if (unlikely((access && iss::access_type::FETCH) && (addr & 0x1) == 1)) {
                 fault_data = addr;
                 if (access && iss::access_type::DEBUG) throw trap_access(0, addr);
-                this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31); // issue trap 0
+                this->trap_state = (1 << 31); // issue trap 0
                 return iss::Err;
             }
             try {
@@ -728,12 +728,12 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::write(const address_type type, const access
                         write_mem(phys_addr_t{access, space, addr}, length, data):
                         write_mem(BASE::v2p(iss::addr_t{access, type, space, addr}), length, data);
                 if (unlikely(res != iss::Ok)) {
-                    this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | (7 << 16); // issue trap 7 (Store/AMO access fault)
+                    this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | (7 << 16); // issue trap 7 (Store/AMO access fault)
                     fault_data=addr;
                 }
                 return res;
             } catch (trap_access &ta) {
-                this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
+                this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
                 fault_data=ta.addr;
                 return iss::Err;
             }
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::write(const address_type type, const access
                 ptw.clear();
                 auto tvm = state.mstatus.TVM;
                 if (this->reg.PRIV == PRIV_S & tvm != 0) {
-                    this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | (2 << 16);
+                    this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | (2 << 16);
                     this->fault_data = this->reg.PC;
                     return iss::Err;
                 }
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::write(const address_type type, const access
         }
         return iss::Ok;
     } catch (trap_access &ta) {
-        this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
+        this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
         fault_data=ta.addr;
         return iss::Err;
     }
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ template <typename BASE> iss::status riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::write_reg(unsigned
 }
 
 template <typename BASE> iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE>::read_cycle(unsigned addr, reg_t &val) {
-    auto cycle_val = this->reg.icount + cycle_offset;
+    auto cycle_val = this->icount + cycle_offset;
     if (addr == mcycle) {
         val = static_cast<reg_t>(cycle_val);
     } else if (addr == mcycleh) {
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ template <typename BASE> iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE>::write_cycle(unsigned
             mcycle_csr = (static_cast<uint64_t>(val)<<32) + (mcycle_csr & 0xffffffff);
         }
     }
-    cycle_offset = mcycle_csr-this->reg.icount; // TODO: relying on wrap-around
+    cycle_offset = mcycle_csr-this->icount; // TODO: relying on wrap-around
     return iss::Ok;
 }
 
@@ -897,7 +897,7 @@ template <typename BASE> iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE>::write_instret(unsigne
 }
 
 template <typename BASE> iss::status riscv_hart_m_p<BASE>::read_time(unsigned addr, reg_t &val) {
-    uint64_t time_val = this->reg.icount / (100000000 / 32768 - 1); //-> ~3052;
+    uint64_t time_val = this->icount / (100000000 / 32768 - 1); //-> ~3052;
     if (addr == time) {
         val = static_cast<reg_t>(time_val);
     } else if (addr == timeh) {
@@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ template <typename BASE> iss::status riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::write_epc(unsigned
 template <typename BASE> iss::status riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::read_satp(unsigned addr, reg_t &val) {
     reg_t tvm = state.mstatus.TVM;
     if (this->reg.PRIV == PRIV_S & tvm != 0) {
-        this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | (2 << 16);
+        this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | (2 << 16);
         this->fault_data = this->reg.PC;
         return iss::Err;
     }
@@ -977,7 +977,7 @@ template <typename BASE> iss::status riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::read_satp(unsigned
 template <typename BASE> iss::status riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::write_satp(unsigned addr, reg_t val) {
     reg_t tvm = state.mstatus.TVM;
     if (this->reg.PRIV == PRIV_S & tvm != 0) {
-        this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | (2 << 16);
+        this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | (2 << 16);
         this->fault_data = this->reg.PC;
         return iss::Err;
     }
@@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::read_mem(phys_addr_t paddr, unsigned length
         const mem_type::page_type &p = mem(paddr.val / mem.page_size);
         uint64_t offs = paddr.val & mem.page_addr_mask;
         std::copy(p.data() + offs, p.data() + offs + length, data);
-        if (this->reg.icount > 30000) data[3] |= 0x80;
+        if (this->icount > 30000) data[3] |= 0x80;
     } break;
     default: {
         for(auto offs=0U; offs<length; ++offs) {
@@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::write_mem(phys_addr_t paddr, unsigned lengt
                             LOG(INFO) << "tohost value is 0x" << std::hex << hostvar << std::dec << " (" << hostvar
                                       << "), stopping simulation";
                         }
-                        this->reg.trap_state=std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
+                        this->trap_state=std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
                         this->interrupt_sim=hostvar;
                         break;
                         //throw(iss::simulation_stopped(hostvar));
@@ -1162,7 +1162,7 @@ template <typename BASE> void riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::check_interrupt() {
     if (enabled_interrupts != 0) {
         int res = 0;
         while ((enabled_interrupts & 1) == 0) enabled_interrupts >>= 1, res++;
-        this->reg.pending_trap = res << 16 | 1; // 0x80 << 24 | (cause << 16) | trap_id
+        this->pending_trap = res << 16 | 1; // 0x80 << 24 | (cause << 16) | trap_id
     }
 }
 
@@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ template <typename BASE> uint64_t riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::enter_trap(uint64_t f
         if (cur_priv != PRIV_M && ((csr[mideleg] >> cause) & 0x1) != 0)
             new_priv = (csr[sideleg] >> cause) & 0x1 ? PRIV_U : PRIV_S;
         csr[uepc | (new_priv << 8)] = this->reg.NEXT_PC; // store next address if interrupt
-        this->reg.pending_trap = 0;
+        this->pending_trap = 0;
     }
     size_t adr = ucause | (new_priv << 8);
     csr[adr] = (trap_id << 31) + cause;
@@ -1351,7 +1351,7 @@ template <typename BASE> uint64_t riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::enter_trap(uint64_t f
                        << lvl[cur_priv] << " to " << lvl[new_priv];
     // reset trap state
     this->reg.PRIV = new_priv;
-    this->reg.trap_state = 0;
+    this->trap_state = 0;
     update_vm_info();
     return this->reg.NEXT_PC;
 }
@@ -1363,7 +1363,7 @@ template <typename BASE> uint64_t riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::leave_trap(uint64_t f
 
     auto tsr = state.mstatus.TSR;
     if (cur_priv == PRIV_S && inst_priv == PRIV_S && tsr != 0) {
-        this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | (2 << 16);
+        this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | (2 << 16);
         this->fault_data = this->reg.PC;
         return this->reg.PC;
     }
@@ -1402,7 +1402,7 @@ template <typename BASE> void riscv_hart_msu_vp<BASE>::wait_until(uint64_t flags
     auto status = state.mstatus;
     auto tw = status.TW;
     if (this->reg.PRIV == PRIV_S && tw != 0) {
-        this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | (2 << 16);
+        this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | (2 << 16);
         this->fault_data = this->reg.PC;
     }
 }
diff --git a/incl/iss/arch/riscv_hart_mu_p.h b/incl/iss/arch/riscv_hart_mu_p.h
index bd50342..e85f1da 100644
--- a/incl/iss/arch/riscv_hart_mu_p.h
+++ b/incl/iss/arch/riscv_hart_mu_p.h
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ public:
 
     void disass_output(uint64_t pc, const std::string instr) override {
         CLOG(INFO, disass) << fmt::format("0x{:016x}    {:40} [p:{};s:0x{:x};c:{}]",
-                pc, instr, lvl[this->reg.PRIV], (reg_t)state.mstatus, this->reg.icount + cycle_offset);
+                pc, instr, lvl[this->reg.PRIV], (reg_t)state.mstatus, this->icount + cycle_offset);
     };
 
     iss::instrumentation_if *get_instrumentation_if() override { return &instr_if; }
@@ -704,20 +704,20 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT>::read(const address_type type, const acc
                 if(!pmp_check(access, addr, length) && (access&access_type::DEBUG) != access_type::DEBUG) {
                     fault_data = addr;
                     if (access && iss::access_type::DEBUG) throw trap_access(0, addr);
-                    this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | ((access==access_type::FETCH?1:5) << 16); // issue trap 1
+                    this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | ((access==access_type::FETCH?1:5) << 16); // issue trap 1
                     return iss::Err;
                 }
             }
             if (unlikely((access == iss::access_type::FETCH || access == iss::access_type::DEBUG_FETCH) && (addr & 0x1) == 1)) {
                 fault_data = addr;
                 if (access && iss::access_type::DEBUG) throw trap_access(0, addr);
-                this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31); // issue trap 0
+                this->trap_state = (1 << 31); // issue trap 0
                 return iss::Err;
             }
             try {
                 auto alignment = access == iss::access_type::FETCH? (traits<BASE>::MISA_VAL&0x100? 2 : 4) : length;
                 if(alignment>1 && (addr&(alignment-1))){
-                    this->reg.trap_state = 1<<31 | 4<<16;
+                    this->trap_state = 1<<31 | 4<<16;
                     fault_data=addr;
                     return iss::Err;
                 }
@@ -736,12 +736,12 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT>::read(const address_type type, const acc
                     res = read_mem( phys_addr, length, data);
                 }
                 if (unlikely(res != iss::Ok)){
-                    this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | (5 << 16); // issue trap 5 (load access fault
+                    this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | (5 << 16); // issue trap 5 (load access fault
                     fault_data=addr;
                 }
                 return res;
             } catch (trap_access &ta) {
-                this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
+                this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
                 fault_data=ta.addr;
                 return iss::Err;
             }
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT>::read(const address_type type, const acc
         }
         return iss::Ok;
     } catch (trap_access &ta) {
-        this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
+        this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
         fault_data=ta.addr;
         return iss::Err;
     }
@@ -806,19 +806,19 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT>::write(const address_type type, const ac
                 if(!pmp_check(access, addr, length) && (access&access_type::DEBUG) != access_type::DEBUG) {
                     fault_data = addr;
                     if (access && iss::access_type::DEBUG) throw trap_access(0, addr);
-                    this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | (7 << 16); // issue trap 1
+                    this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | (7 << 16); // issue trap 1
                     return iss::Err;
                 }
             }
             if (unlikely((access && iss::access_type::FETCH) && (addr & 0x1) == 1)) {
                 fault_data = addr;
                 if (access && iss::access_type::DEBUG) throw trap_access(0, addr);
-                this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31); // issue trap 0
+                this->trap_state = (1 << 31); // issue trap 0
                 return iss::Err;
             }
             try {
                 if(length>1 && (addr&(length-1)) && (access&access_type::DEBUG) != access_type::DEBUG){
-                    this->reg.trap_state = 1<<31 | 6<<16;
+                    this->trap_state = 1<<31 | 6<<16;
                     fault_data=addr;
                     return iss::Err;
                 }
@@ -837,12 +837,12 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT>::write(const address_type type, const ac
                     res = write_mem( phys_addr, length, data);
                 }
                 if (unlikely(res != iss::Ok)) {
-                    this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | (7 << 16); // issue trap 7 (Store/AMO access fault)
+                    this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | (7 << 16); // issue trap 7 (Store/AMO access fault)
                     fault_data=addr;
                 }
                 return res;
             } catch (trap_access &ta) {
-                this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
+                this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
                 fault_data=ta.addr;
                 return iss::Err;
             }
@@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT>::write(const address_type type, const ac
         }
         return iss::Ok;
     } catch (trap_access &ta) {
-        this->reg.trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
+        this->trap_state = (1 << 31) | ta.id;
         fault_data=ta.addr;
         return iss::Err;
     }
@@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> iss::status riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT
 }
 
 template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> iss::status riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT>::read_cycle(unsigned addr, reg_t &val) {
-    auto cycle_val = this->reg.icount + cycle_offset;
+    auto cycle_val = this->icount + cycle_offset;
     if (addr == mcycle) {
         val = static_cast<reg_t>(cycle_val);
     } else if (addr == mcycleh) {
@@ -970,16 +970,16 @@ template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> iss::status riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT
             mcycle_csr = (static_cast<uint64_t>(val)<<32) + (mcycle_csr & 0xffffffff);
         }
     }
-    cycle_offset = mcycle_csr-this->reg.icount; // TODO: relying on wrap-around
+    cycle_offset = mcycle_csr-this->icount; // TODO: relying on wrap-around
     return iss::Ok;
 }
 
 template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> iss::status riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT>::read_instret(unsigned addr, reg_t &val) {
     if ((addr&0xff) == (minstret&0xff)) {
-        val = static_cast<reg_t>(this->reg.instret);
+        val = static_cast<reg_t>(this->instret);
     } else if ((addr&0xff) == (minstreth&0xff)) {
         if (sizeof(typename traits<BASE>::reg_t) != 4) return iss::Err;
-        val = static_cast<reg_t>(this->reg.instret >> 32);
+        val = static_cast<reg_t>(this->instret >> 32);
     }
     return iss::Ok;
 }
@@ -988,20 +988,20 @@ template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> iss::status riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT
     if (sizeof(typename traits<BASE>::reg_t) != 4) {
         if ((addr&0xff) == (minstreth&0xff))
             return iss::Err;
-        this->reg.instret = static_cast<uint64_t>(val);
+        this->instret = static_cast<uint64_t>(val);
     } else {
         if ((addr&0xff) == (minstret&0xff)) {
-            this->reg.instret = (this->reg.instret & 0xffffffff00000000) + val;
+            this->instret = (this->instret & 0xffffffff00000000) + val;
         } else  {
-            this->reg.instret = (static_cast<uint64_t>(val)<<32) + (this->reg.instret & 0xffffffff);
+            this->instret = (static_cast<uint64_t>(val)<<32) + (this->instret & 0xffffffff);
         }
     }
-    this->reg.instret--;
+    this->instret--;
     return iss::Ok;
 }
 
 template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> iss::status riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT>::read_time(unsigned addr, reg_t &val) {
-    uint64_t time_val = this->reg.icount / (100000000 / 32768 - 1); //-> ~3052;
+    uint64_t time_val = this->icount / (100000000 / 32768 - 1); //-> ~3052;
     if (addr == time) {
         val = static_cast<reg_t>(time_val);
     } else if (addr == timeh) {
@@ -1137,7 +1137,7 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT>::read_mem(phys_addr_t paddr, unsigned le
         const mem_type::page_type &p = mem(paddr.val / mem.page_size);
         uint64_t offs = paddr.val & mem.page_addr_mask;
         std::copy(p.data() + offs, p.data() + offs + length, data);
-        if (this->reg.icount > 30000) data[3] |= 0x80;
+        if (this->icount > 30000) data[3] |= 0x80;
     } break;
     default: {
         for(auto offs=0U; offs<length; ++offs) {
@@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@ iss::status riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT>::write_mem(phys_addr_t paddr, unsigned l
                             LOG(INFO) << "tohost value is 0x" << std::hex << hostvar << std::dec << " (" << hostvar
                                       << "), stopping simulation";
                         }
-                        this->reg.trap_state=std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
+                        this->trap_state=std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
                         this->interrupt_sim=hostvar;
                         break;
                         //throw(iss::simulation_stopped(hostvar));
@@ -1284,14 +1284,14 @@ template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> void riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT>::chec
         	enabled_interrupts >>= 1;
         	res++;
         }
-        this->reg.pending_trap = res << 16 | 1; // 0x80 << 24 | (cause << 16) | trap_id
+        this->pending_trap = res << 16 | 1; // 0x80 << 24 | (cause << 16) | trap_id
     }
 }
 
 template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> uint64_t riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT>::enter_trap(uint64_t flags, uint64_t addr, uint64_t instr) {
     // flags are ACTIVE[31:31], CAUSE[30:16], TRAPID[15:0]
     // calculate and write mcause val
-    if(flags==std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()) flags=this->reg.trap_state;
+    if(flags==std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()) flags=this->trap_state;
     auto trap_id = bit_sub<0, 16>(flags);
     auto cause = bit_sub<16, 15>(flags);
     if (trap_id == 0 && cause == 11) cause = 0x8 + this->reg.PRIV; // adjust environment call cause
@@ -1338,7 +1338,7 @@ template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> uint64_t riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT>::
         if (this->reg.PRIV != PRIV_M && ((csr[mideleg] >> cause) & 0x1) != 0)
             new_priv = PRIV_U;
         csr[uepc | (new_priv << 8)] = this->reg.NEXT_PC; // store next address if interrupt
-        this->reg.pending_trap = 0;
+        this->pending_trap = 0;
     }
     size_t adr = ucause | (new_priv << 8);
     csr[adr] = (trap_id << (traits<BASE>::XLEN-1)) + cause;
@@ -1378,7 +1378,7 @@ template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> uint64_t riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT>::
                        << lvl[this->reg.PRIV] << " to " << lvl[new_priv];
     // reset trap state
     this->reg.PRIV = new_priv;
-    this->reg.trap_state = 0;
+    this->trap_state = 0;
     return this->reg.NEXT_PC;
 }
 
@@ -1387,7 +1387,7 @@ template <typename BASE, features_e FEAT> uint64_t riscv_hart_mu_p<BASE, FEAT>::
     auto inst_priv = (flags & 0x3)? 3:0;
     if(inst_priv>cur_priv){
         auto trap_val =  0x80ULL << 24 | (2 << 16); // illegal instruction
-        this->reg.trap_state = trap_val;
+        this->trap_state = trap_val;
         this->reg.NEXT_PC = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
     } else {
         auto status = state.mstatus;
diff --git a/incl/iss/arch/tgc_c.h b/incl/iss/arch/tgc_c.h
index 9640ae9..7a71f8c 100644
--- a/incl/iss/arch/tgc_c.h
+++ b/incl/iss/arch/tgc_c.h
@@ -58,13 +58,7 @@ template <> struct traits<tgc_c> {
     constexpr static unsigned FP_REGS_SIZE = 0;
 
     enum reg_e {
-        X0, X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8, X9, X10, X11, X12, X13, X14, X15, X16, X17, X18, X19, X20, X21, X22, X23, X24, X25, X26, X27, X28, X29, X30, X31, PC, NEXT_PC, PRIV, DPC, NUM_REGS,
-        TRAP_STATE=NUM_REGS,
-        PENDING_TRAP,
-        ICOUNT,
-        CYCLE,
-        INSTRET,
-        INSTRUCTION
+        X0, X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8, X9, X10, X11, X12, X13, X14, X15, X16, X17, X18, X19, X20, X21, X22, X23, X24, X25, X26, X27, X28, X29, X30, X31, PC, NEXT_PC, PRIV, DPC, NUM_REGS
     };
 
     using reg_t = uint32_t;
@@ -77,11 +71,11 @@ template <> struct traits<tgc_c> {
 
     using phys_addr_t = iss::typed_addr_t<iss::address_type::PHYSICAL>;
 
-    static constexpr std::array<const uint32_t, 42> reg_bit_widths{
-        {32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,8,32,32,32,64,64,64,32}};
+    static constexpr std::array<const uint32_t, 36> reg_bit_widths{
+        {32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,8,32}};
 
-    static constexpr std::array<const uint32_t, 42> reg_byte_offsets{
-        {0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,68,72,76,80,84,88,92,96,100,104,108,112,116,120,124,128,132,136,137,141,145,149,157,165,173}};
+    static constexpr std::array<const uint32_t, 36> reg_byte_offsets{
+        {0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,68,72,76,80,84,88,92,96,100,104,108,112,116,120,124,128,132,136,137}};
 
     static const uint64_t addr_mask = (reg_t(1) << (XLEN - 1)) | ((reg_t(1) << (XLEN - 1)) - 1);
 
@@ -198,7 +192,7 @@ struct tgc_c: public arch_if {
 
     uint8_t* get_regs_base_ptr() override;
 
-    inline uint64_t get_icount() { return reg.icount; }
+    inline uint64_t get_icount() { return icount; }
 
     inline bool should_stop() { return interrupt_sim; }
 
@@ -216,7 +210,7 @@ struct tgc_c: public arch_if {
 
     virtual iss::sync_type needed_sync() const { return iss::NO_SYNC; }
 
-    inline uint32_t get_last_branch() { return reg.last_branch; }
+    inline uint32_t get_last_branch() { return last_branch; }
 
 
 #pragma pack(push, 1)
@@ -257,12 +251,13 @@ struct tgc_c: public arch_if {
         uint32_t NEXT_PC = 0; 
         uint8_t PRIV = 0; 
         uint32_t DPC = 0;
-        uint32_t trap_state = 0, pending_trap = 0;
-        uint64_t icount = 0;
-        uint64_t instret = 0;
-        uint32_t instruction = 0; 
-        uint32_t last_branch;
     } reg;
+    uint32_t trap_state = 0, pending_trap = 0;
+    uint64_t icount = 0;
+    uint64_t cycle = 0;
+    uint64_t instret = 0;
+    uint32_t instruction = 0;
+    uint32_t last_branch = 0;
 #pragma pack(pop)
     std::array<address_type, 4> addr_mode;
     
diff --git a/src/iss/tgc_c.cpp b/src/iss/tgc_c.cpp
index 3c6fcd0..35a27d0 100644
--- a/src/iss/tgc_c.cpp
+++ b/src/iss/tgc_c.cpp
@@ -41,12 +41,10 @@ using namespace iss::arch;
 
 constexpr std::array<const char*, 36>    iss::arch::traits<iss::arch::tgc_c>::reg_names;
 constexpr std::array<const char*, 36>    iss::arch::traits<iss::arch::tgc_c>::reg_aliases;
-constexpr std::array<const uint32_t, 42> iss::arch::traits<iss::arch::tgc_c>::reg_bit_widths;
-constexpr std::array<const uint32_t, 42> iss::arch::traits<iss::arch::tgc_c>::reg_byte_offsets;
+constexpr std::array<const uint32_t, 36> iss::arch::traits<iss::arch::tgc_c>::reg_bit_widths;
+constexpr std::array<const uint32_t, 36> iss::arch::traits<iss::arch::tgc_c>::reg_byte_offsets;
 
-tgc_c::tgc_c() {
-    reg.icount = 0;
-}
+tgc_c::tgc_c()  = default;
 
 tgc_c::~tgc_c() = default;
 
@@ -57,8 +55,8 @@ void tgc_c::reset(uint64_t address) {
     reg.PC=address;
     reg.NEXT_PC=reg.PC;
     reg.PRIV=0x3;
-    reg.trap_state=0;
-    reg.icount=0;
+    trap_state=0;
+    icount=0;
 }
 
 uint8_t *tgc_c::get_regs_base_ptr() {
diff --git a/src/plugin/pctrace.cpp b/src/plugin/pctrace.cpp
index 4c6ea1a..036b4cc 100644
--- a/src/plugin/pctrace.cpp
+++ b/src/plugin/pctrace.cpp
@@ -126,7 +126,8 @@ void iss::plugin::cov::callback(instr_info_t iinfo, const exec_info& einfo) {
     auto delay = 0;
     size_t id = iinfo.instr_id;
     auto entry = delays[id];
-    auto call = (id==2 || id==3) && bit_sub<7,5>(instr_if->get_instr_word())!=0;
+    auto instr = instr_if->get_instr_word();
+    auto call = (id==2 || id==3) && bit_sub<7,5>(instr)!=0;
     bool taken = einfo.branch_taken;
     if (einfo.branch_taken)
         delay = entry.taken;
diff --git a/src/sysc/core_complex.cpp b/src/sysc/core_complex.cpp
index f7b95c7..53ff0cb 100644
--- a/src/sysc/core_complex.cpp
+++ b/src/sysc/core_complex.cpp
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ public:
     heart_state_t &get_state() { return this->state; }
 
     void notify_phase(iss::arch_if::exec_phase p) override {
-        if (p == iss::arch_if::ISTART) owner->sync(this->reg.icount);
+        if (p == iss::arch_if::ISTART) owner->sync(this->icount);
     }
 
     sync_type needed_sync() const override { return PRE_SYNC; }
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ public:
             std::stringstream s;
             s << "[p:" << lvl[this->reg.PRIV] << ";s:0x" << std::hex << std::setfill('0')
               << std::setw(sizeof(reg_t) * 2) << (reg_t)this->state.mstatus << std::dec << ";c:"
-              << this->reg.icount + this->cycle_offset << "]";
+              << this->icount + this->cycle_offset << "]";
             SCCDEBUG(owner->name())<<"disass: "
                 << "0x" << std::setw(16) << std::right << std::setfill('0') << std::hex << pc << "\t\t" << std::setw(40)
                 << std::setfill(' ') << std::left << instr << s.str();
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ public:
 
     void wait_until(uint64_t flags) override {
         SCCDEBUG(owner->name()) << "Sleeping until interrupt";
-        while(this->reg.pending_trap == 0 && (this->csr[arch::mip] & this->csr[arch::mie]) == 0) {
+        while(this->pending_trap == 0 && (this->csr[arch::mip] & this->csr[arch::mie]) == 0) {
             sc_core::wait(wfi_evt);
         }
         PLAT::wait_until(flags);
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ public:
             this->csr[arch::mip] &= ~mask;
         this->check_interrupt();
         if(value)
-            SCCTRACE(owner->name()) << "Triggering interrupt " << id << " Pending trap: " << this->reg.pending_trap;
+            SCCTRACE(owner->name()) << "Triggering interrupt " << id << " Pending trap: " << this->pending_trap;
     }
 
 private:
diff --git a/src/vm/interp/vm_tgc_c.cpp b/src/vm/interp/vm_tgc_c.cpp
index 435389d..1da214b 100644
--- a/src/vm/interp/vm_tgc_c.cpp
+++ b/src/vm/interp/vm_tgc_c.cpp
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ protected:
 
     inline void raise(uint16_t trap_id, uint16_t cause){
         auto trap_val =  0x80ULL << 24 | (cause << 16) | trap_id;
-        this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE) = trap_val;
+        this->core.trap_state = trap_val;
         this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::NEXT_PC) = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
     }
 
@@ -135,39 +135,39 @@ protected:
     T& pc_assign(T& val){super::ex_info.branch_taken=true; return val;}
     inline uint8_t readSpace1(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr){
         auto ret = super::template read_mem<uint8_t>(space, addr);
-        if(this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE)) throw 0;
+        if(this->core.trap_state) throw 0;
         return ret;
     }
     inline uint16_t readSpace2(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr){
         auto ret = super::template read_mem<uint16_t>(space, addr);
-        if(this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE)) throw 0;
+        if(this->core.trap_state) throw 0;
         return ret;
     }
     inline uint32_t readSpace4(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr){
         auto ret = super::template read_mem<uint32_t>(space, addr);
-        if(this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE)) throw 0;
+        if(this->core.trap_state) throw 0;
         return ret;
     }
     inline uint64_t readSpace8(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr){
         auto ret = super::template read_mem<uint64_t>(space, addr);
-        if(this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE)) throw 0;
+        if(this->core.trap_state) throw 0;
         return ret;
     }
     inline void writeSpace1(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr, uint8_t data){
         super::write_mem(space, addr, data);
-        if(this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE)) throw 0;
+        if(this->core.trap_state) throw 0;
     }
     inline void writeSpace2(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr, uint16_t data){
         super::write_mem(space, addr, data);
-        if(this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE)) throw 0;
+        if(this->core.trap_state) throw 0;
     }
     inline void writeSpace4(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr, uint32_t data){
         super::write_mem(space, addr, data);
-        if(this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE)) throw 0;
+        if(this->core.trap_state) throw 0;
     }
     inline void writeSpace8(typename super::mem_type_e space, uint64_t addr, uint64_t data){
         super::write_mem(space, addr, data);
-        if(this->template get_reg<uint32_t>(traits::TRAP_STATE)) throw 0;
+        if(this->core.trap_state) throw 0;
     }
     template<unsigned W, typename U, typename S = typename std::make_signed<U>::type>
     inline S sext(U from) {
@@ -359,16 +359,15 @@ typename arch::traits<ARCH>::opcode_e vm_impl<ARCH>::decode_inst_id(code_word_t
 template <typename ARCH>
 typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e cond, virt_addr_t start, uint64_t icount_limit){
     auto pc=start;
-
     auto* PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::PC]);
     auto* NEXT_PC = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::NEXT_PC]);
-    auto* trap_state = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::TRAP_STATE]);
-    auto* icount = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::ICOUNT]);
-    auto* instret = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::INSTRET]);
-    auto *const instruction = reinterpret_cast<code_word_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::INSTRUCTION]);
+    auto& trap_state = this->core.trap_state;
+    auto& icount = this->core.icount;
+    auto& cycle = this->core.cycle;
+    auto& instret = this->core.instret;
+    auto& instr = this->core.instruction;
     // we fetch at max 4 byte, alignment is 2
-    auto *const data = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(instruction);
-    auto& instr = *instruction;
+    auto *const data = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&instr);
 
     while(!this->core.should_stop() &&
             !(is_count_limit_enabled(cond) && this->core.get_icount() >= icount_limit)){
@@ -2409,16 +2408,16 @@ typename vm_base<ARCH>::virt_addr_t vm_impl<ARCH>::execute_inst(finish_cond_e co
             process_spawn_blocks();
             if(this->sync_exec && POST_SYNC) this->do_sync(POST_SYNC, static_cast<unsigned>(inst_id));
             // trap check
-            if(*trap_state!=0){
-                super::core.enter_trap(*trap_state, pc.val, instr);
+            if(trap_state!=0){
+                super::core.enter_trap(trap_state, pc.val, instr);
             } else {
-                (*icount)++;
-                (*instret)++;
+                icount++;
+                instret++;
             }
-            (*reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(this->regs_base_ptr+arch::traits<ARCH>::reg_byte_offsets[arch::traits<ARCH>::CYCLE]))++;
+            cycle++;
             pc.val=*NEXT_PC;
             this->core.reg.PC = this->core.reg.NEXT_PC;
-            this->core.reg.trap_state = this->core.reg.pending_trap;
+            this->core.trap_state = this->core.pending_trap;
         }
     }
     return pc;